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Environmental enrichment improves cognitive function, learning, memory and anxiety-related behaviours in rodent models of dementia: implications for future study
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Dec 14:107880. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107880. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEnvironmental enrichment (EE) is a process of brain stimulation by modifying the surroundings, for example, by changing the sensory, social, or physical conditions. Rodents have been used in such experimental strategies through exposure to diverse physical, social, and exploration conditions. The present study conducted an extensive analysis of the existing literature surrounding the impact of EE on dementia rodent models. The review emphasised the two principal aspects that are very closely related to dementia: cognitive...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - December 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Siti Norhafizah Mohd Sahini Nurul Aqmar Mohd Nor Hazalin Bettadapura N Srikumar Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh Source Type: research

The effects of extinction and an explicitly unpaired treatment on the reinforcing properties of a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Dec 9;207:107879. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107879. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis series of experiments examined the effects of extinction and an explicitly unpaired treatment on the ability of a conditioned stimulus (CS) to function as a reinforcer. Rats were trained to lever press for food, exposed to pairings of a noise CS and food, and, finally, tested for their willingness to lever press for the CS in the absence of the food. Experiment 1 provided a demonstration of conditioned reinforcement (using controls that were only exposed to unpaired presentations of the CS and food) and showed tha...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - December 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicholas G W Kennedy Nathan M Holmes Lily W T Peng R Frederick Westbrook Source Type: research

The effects of extinction and an explicitly unpaired treatment on the reinforcing properties of a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Dec 9:107879. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107879. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis series of experiments examined the effects of extinction and an explicitly unpaired treatment on the ability of a conditioned stimulus (CS) to function as a reinforcer. Rats were trained to lever press for food, exposed to pairings of a noise CS and food, and, finally, tested for their willingness to lever press for the CS in the absence of the food. Experiment 1 provided a demonstration of conditioned reinforcement (using controls that were only exposed to unpaired presentations of the CS and food) and showed that it...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - December 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicholas G W Kennedy Nathan M Holmes Lily W T Peng R Frederick Westbrook Source Type: research

OFC neurons do not represent the negative value of a conditioned inhibitor
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Nov 30;207:107869. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107869. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is often proposed to function as a value integrator; however, alternative accounts focus on its role in representing associative structures that specify the probability and sensory identity of future outcomes. These two accounts make different predictions about how this area should respond to conditioned inhibitors of reward, since in the former, neural activity should reflect the negative value of the inhibitor, whereas in the latter, it should track the estimated probability of a futur...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - December 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Guillem R Esber Alexandra Usypchuk Sonia Saini Mickael Deroche Mihaela D Iordanova Geoffrey Schoenbaum Source Type: research

OFC neurons do not represent the negative value of a conditioned inhibitor
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Nov 30:107869. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107869. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is often proposed to function as a value integrator; however, alternative accounts focus on its role in representing associative structures that specify the probability and sensory identity of future outcomes. These two accounts make different predictions about how this area should respond to conditioned inhibitors of reward, since in the former, neural activity should reflect the negative value of the inhibitor, whereas in the latter, it should track the estimated probability of a future re...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - December 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Guillem R Esber Alexandra Usypchuk Sonia Saini Mikael Deroche Mihaela D Iordanova Geoffrey Schoenbaum Source Type: research