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Total 80126 results found since Jan 2013.

Salient ‐but‐irrelevant stimuli cause attentional capture in difficult, but attentional suppression in easy visual search
Abstract Search for a shape target is difficult when its shape is similar to the shape of the surrounding nontargets and easy when it is dissimilar. We asked whether interference from a salient but irrelevant color singleton depended on search difficulty as manipulated by target‐nontarget similarity. We found that interference was strong in difficult searches, and the occurrence of an electrophysiological index of attentional selectivity (the N2pc component) confirmed that attention was captured by the distractor. In contrast, interference from the distractor was weak with easy searches, and the occurrence of the PD comp...
Source: Psychophysiology - July 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Caroline Barras, Dirk Kerzel Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Putting attention in the spotlight: The influence of APOE genotype on visual search in mid adulthood.
Abstract The Apolipoprotein E e4 allele is associated with greater cognitive decline with age, yet effects of this gene are also observed earlier in the lifespan. This research explores genotype differences (e2, e3, e4) in the allocation of visuospatial attention in mid-adulthood. Sixty-six volunteers, aged 45-55 years, completed two paradigms probing the active selection of information at the focus of attention (a dynamic scaling task) and perceptual capacity differences. Two methods of statistical comparison (parametric statistics, Bayesian inference) found no significant difference between e4 carriers and the h...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Lancaster C, Forster S, Tabet N, Rusted J Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Searching for auditory targets in external space and in working memory: electrophysiological mechanisms underlying perceptual and retroactive spatial attention.
Abstract Attention can be shifted within internal representations maintained in working memory. These retroactive processes are particularly inherent to the processing of auditory information that is especially transient over time and thus, requires us to continuously maintain, attend to, and integrate information in working memory. Using EEG recordings, the present study investigated the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying selective spatial attention in a retroactive as opposed to a perceptual auditory search task. Two kinds of sound stimuli were employed: a horizontal sound array consisting of two natural s...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - June 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Klatt LI, Getzmann S, Wascher E, Schneider D Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Cognitive development attenuates audiovisual distraction and promotes the selection of task-relevant perceptual saliency during visual search on complex scenes.
Abstract Searching for a target while avoiding distraction is a core function of selective attention involving both voluntary and reflexive mechanisms. Here, for the first time, we investigated the development of the interplay between voluntary and reflexive mechanisms of selective attention from childhood to early adulthood. We asked 6-, 10-, and 20-year-old participants to search for a target presented in one hemifield of a complex scene, preceded by a task-irrelevant auditory cue on either the target side (valid), the opposite side (invalid), or both sides (neutral). For each scene we computed the number of sal...
Source: Cognition - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Cavallina C, Puccio G, Capurso M, Bremner AJ, Santangelo V Tags: Cognition Source Type: research

Visuospatial word search task only effective at disrupting declarative memory when prediction error is present during retrieval.
Abstract Prediction error is recognized as a necessary boundary condition for memory reactivation and reconsolidation. Furthermore, behavioral manipulations (e.g., visuospatial interference tasks, like Tetris) have been shown to be effective at disrupting reactivated memory. In the present study, participants created a memory with positive valence by viewing an uplifting video of a young boy who built an arcade out of cardboard boxes. Two weeks later, memory for the video was reactivated with a prediction error (i.e., new information was added) or without a prediction error (i.e., no new information was added). Fo...
Source: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory - November 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Hanson Gotthard G, Gura H Tags: Neurobiol Learn Mem Source Type: research

Visual search task immediate training effects on task-related functional connectivity
AbstractBrain plasticity occurs over the course of the human lifetime. Learning and training modify our neuronal synapses and adapt our brain activity, from priming effects in modal areas to higher-order changes in the association cortex. The current state of the art suggests that learning and training effects might induce large-scale brain connectivity changes. Here, we used task-fMRI data and graph-based approaches to study the immediate brain changes in functional connections associated with training on a visual search task, and the individual differences in learning were studied by means of brain-behavior correlations....
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stepwise versus globally optimal search in children and adults.
Abstract How do children and adults search for information when stepwise-optimal strategies fail to identify the most efficient query? The value of questions is often measured in terms of stepwise information gain (expected reduction of entropy on the next time step) or other stepwise-optimal methods. However, such myopic models are not guaranteed to identify the most efficient sequence of questions, that is, the shortest path to the solution. In two experiments we contrast stepwise methods with globally optimal strategies and study how younger children (around age 8, N = 52), older children (around age 10, N...
Source: Cognition - August 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Meder B, Nelson JD, Jones M, Ruggeri A Tags: Cognition Source Type: research

Search asymmetry in a serial auditory task: Neural source analyses of EEG implicate attention strategies
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2019Source: NeuropsychologiaAuthor(s): Elizabeth G. Blundon, Lawrence M. WardAbstractHere we report a detailed analysis of the fast network dynamics underlying P3a and P3b event-related potential (ERP) subcomponents generated during an unconventional serial auditory search paradigm. We dissect the electroencephalographic (EEG) data from an earlier study of ours, using a variety of advanced signal processing techniques, in order to discover how the brain is processing auditory targets differently when they possess a rare, salient, unpredictable feature not shared with distract...
Source: Neuropsychologia - September 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Examining state-dependent effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on visual search and executive function tasks
Conclusions This outcome does not provide direct support for state-dependency or activity-selectivity models of tDCS effects on cognitive outcomes. We discuss the possibility that behavioral patterns supporting these mechanistic models may only be found when the priming and outcome tasks share critical neurocognitive features. Overall, we found no evidence that offline (pretask) tDCS targeting the right parietal or left dorsolateral prefrontal induces reliable changes in visual search or inhibitory control behavior, and this pattern is not modulated by state-dependency induced by priming task-related activity.
Source: NeuroReport - December 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Clinical Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Targeted Literature Search and Phenomenological Review of Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthcare Professionals of the Immunology of Disease-Modifying Therapies
ConclusionsThis targeted literature search and phenomenological review confirms PwMS preferences for empowered decision-making in disease management and treatment selection, to optimize independence, safety, and efficacy. It also identifies an unmet need for improved communication and information tools that convey MS information in a relatable manner. Furthermore, this review seeks to address this unmet need by providing plain language figures and descriptions of MS immune mechanisms that can be used to facilitate discussions between HCPs and PwMS.
Source: Neurology and Therapy - July 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Children adapt their questions to achieve efficient search.
Abstract One way to learn about the world is by asking questions. We investigate how younger children (7- to 8-year-olds), older children (9- to 11-year-olds), and young adults (17- to 18-year-olds) ask questions to identify the cause of an event. We find a developmental shift in children's reliance on hypothesis-scanning questions (which test hypotheses directly) versus constraint-seeking questions (which reduce the space of hypotheses), but also that all age groups ask more constraint-seeking questions when hypothesis-scanning questions are least likely to pay off: When the solution is one among equally likely a...
Source: Cognition - July 17, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Ruggeri A, Lombrozo T Tags: Cognition Source Type: research

Rational search for genes in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy, clues from recent advances
Publication date: January 2016 Source:Seizure, Volume 34 Author(s): Zhi-dong Cen, Fei Xie, Jian-feng Xiao, Wei Luo Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) is an autosomal dominant epilepsy syndrome with considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. The most important clinical manifestations include adult onset, cortical myoclonic tremor, with or without epileptic seizures. Of the four loci reported, which included 8q24 (FCMTE1), 2p11.1-q12.2 (FCMTE2), 5p15.31-p15.1 (FCMTE3), and 3q26.32-3q28 (FCMTE4), only one probably causative mutation was found co-segregated in two FCMTE2 pedigrees in the α2-a...
Source: Seizure - January 13, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Infodemiology of status epilepticus: A systematic validation of the Google Trends-based search queries.
Abstract People increasingly use Google looking for health-related information. We previously demonstrated that in English-speaking countries most people use this search engine to obtain information on status epilepticus (SE) definition, types/subtypes, and treatment. Now, we aimed at providing a quantitative analysis of SE-related web queries. This analysis represents an advancement, with respect to what was already previously discussed, in that the Google Trends (GT) algorithm has been further refined and correlational analyses have been carried out to validate the GT-based query volumes. Google Trends-based SE-...
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - January 13, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Bragazzi NL, Bacigaluppi S, Robba C, Nardone R, Trinka E, Brigo F Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

Pretraining Cortical Thickness Predicts Subsequent Perceptual Learning Rate in a Visual Search Task
We report that preexisting individual differences in the cortical thickness of brain areas involved in a perceptual learning task predict the subsequent perceptual learning rate. Participants trained in a motion-discrimination task involving visual search for a "V"-shaped target motion trajectory among inverted "V"-shaped distractor trajectories. Motion-sensitive area MT+ (V5) was functionally identified as critical to the task: after 3 weeks of training, activity increased in MT+ during task performance, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We computed the cortical thickness of MT+ from anatomical magneti...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - February 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Frank, S. M., Reavis, E. A., Greenlee, M. W., Tse, P. U. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Attentional Fields of Visual Search in Simultanagnosia and Healthy Individuals: How Object and Space Attention Interact
Simultanagnosia is a deficit in which patients are unable to perceive multiple objects simultaneously. To date, it remains disputed whether this deficit results from disrupted object or space perception. We asked both healthy participants as well as a patient with simultanagnosia to perform different visual search tasks of variable difficulty. We also modulated the number of objects (target and distracters) presented. For healthy participants, we found that each visual search task was performed with a specific "attentional field" depending on the difficulty of visual object processing but not on the number of objects falli...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - February 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Khan, A. Z., Prost-Lefebvre, M., Salemme, R., Blohm, G., Rossetti, Y., Tilikete, C., Pisella, L. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research