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Local and systemic metabolic alterations in brain, plasma, and liver of rats in response to aging and ischemic stroke, as detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2019Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Umadevi V. Wesley, Vijesh J. Bhute, James F. Hatcher, Sean P. Palecek, Robert J. DempseyAbstractMetabolic dysfunction impacts stroke incidence and outcome. However, the intricate association between altered metabolic program due to aging, and focal ischemia in brain, circulation, and peripheral organs is not completely elucidated. Here we identified locally and systemically altered metabolites in brain, liver, and plasma as a result of normal aging, ischemic-stroke, and extended time of reperfusion injury. Comprehensive quantit...
Source: Neurochemistry International - January 30, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Motor and Cognitive Function Recovery of MCAO Mice Through the Caveolin-1/VEGF Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Penumbra.
In this study, we attempted to determine an additional mechanism of treadmill exercise-mediated motor and cognitive functional recovery through the caveolin-1/VEGF pathway associated with BDNF in the ischemic penumbra of MCAO mice. We found that mice exposed to treadmill exercise after the MCAO operation showed a significant up-regulation in expression of caveolin-1, VEGF, BDNF, synapsin I and CYFIP1 proteins, numbers of cells positive for BrdU/CD34, BDNF, BrdU/NeuN, BrdU/Synapsin I and CYFIP1 expression were increased, which support the reduction in neurological deficit and infarction volume, as well as improved synaptic ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 19, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen Z, Hu Q, Xie Q, Wu S, Pang Q, Liu M, Zhao Y, Tu F, Liu C, Chen X Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The peripheral immune response after stroke-A double edge sword for blood-brain barrier integrity.
Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated interface that separates the peripheral circulation and the brain. It plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of solutes, fluid, and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostasis of brain microenvironment for normal neuronal activity. Growing evidence has led to the realization that ischemic stroke elicits profound immune responses in the circulation and the activation of multiple subsets of immune cells, which in turn affect both the early disruption and the later repair of the BBB after stroke. Distinct phenotypes or subse...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - November 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Li Y, Zhu ZY, Huang TT, Zhou YX, Wang X, Yang LQ, Chen ZA, Yu WF, Li PY Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

The role of TRP channels in white matter function and ischaemia
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018Source: Neuroscience LettersAuthor(s): Marion Cornillot, Vincenzo Giacco, Nicola B. HamiltonAbstractTransient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of tetrameric non-selective cation channels that are widely expressed in the grey and white matter of the CNS, and are increasingly considered as potential therapeutic targets in brain disorders. Here we briefly review the evidence for TRP channel expression in glial cells and their possible role in both glial cell physiology and stroke. Despite their contribution to important functions, our understanding of the r...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - October 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Immune Cells After Ischemic Stroke Onset: Roles, Migration, and Target Intervention
AbstractIschemic stroke is one of the leading health issues and the major cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Energy depletion and hypoxia occurring after ischemic stroke result in cell death, which activates resident glia cells and promotes the peripheral immune cells breaching into brain performing various functions even contradictory effects. The infiltration of immune cells may mediate neuron apoptosis and escalate ischemic damage, while it enhances neuron repair, differentiation, and neuroregeneration. The central nervous system (CNS) is immune-privileged site as it is separated from the peripheral immu...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - October 22, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Inflammation and neural repair after ischemic brain injury
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018Source: Neurochemistry InternationalAuthor(s): Seiichiro Sakai, Takashi ShichitaAbstractStroke causes neuronal cell death and destruction of neuronal circuits in the brain and spinal cord. Injury to the brain tissue induces sterile inflammation triggered by the extracellular release of endogenous molecules, but cerebral inflammation after stroke is gradually resolved within several days. In this pro-resolving process, inflammatory cells adopt a pro-resolving or repairing phenotype in the injured brain, activating endogenous repairing programs. Although the mechanisms involv...
Source: Neurochemistry International - October 20, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The membrane mesenchymal stem cell derived conditioned medium exerts neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia by targeting apoptosis
ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that treatment with AMSC-CM improves the pathological effects in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. These findings establish a substantial foundation for stroke therapy and future research.
Source: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy - August 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neural stem cell therapies and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2018Source: Progress in NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Lei Huang, Lubo ZhangAbstractHypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult as well as in the neonate. Extensive pre-clinical studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of neural stem cell-based treatments for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. There are two major strategies of neural stem cell-based therapies: transplanting exogenous neural stem cells and boosting self-repair of endogenous neural stem cells. Neural stem cell transplantation has been proved to improve functional recovery ...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke
This article reviews recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. CNS cells in the neurovascular unit, as well as blood-borne peripheral cells constantly modulate the BBB and influence its breakdown and repair after ischemic stroke. The involvement of stroke risk factors and comorbid conditions further complicate the pathogenesis of neurovascular injury by predisposing the BBB to anatomical and functional changes that can exacerbate BBB dysfunction. Emphasis is also given to the process of long-term structural and functional restoration of the BBB after i...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair
We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research
Publication date: April–May 2018Source: Progress in Neurobiology, Volumes 163–164Author(s): Li-Ru Zhao, Alison WillingAbstractStroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights ...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Microtubules and axon regeneration in C. elegans
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Lizhen ChenAbstractAxon regeneration is a fundamental and conserved process that allows the nervous system to repair circuits after trauma. Due to its conserved genome, transparent body, and relatively simple neuroanatomy, C. elegans has become a powerful model organism for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration. Various studies from different model organisms have found microtubule dynamics to be pivotal to axon regrowth. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings on how microt...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Acute ischemic dissection of an “S”-shaped carotid artery: The “one-stop” value of using a detachable Solitaire AB stent
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular repair using detachable Solitaire AB stents for acute ischemic dissection of “S”-shaped carotid arteries. From May 2015 to December 2016, a total of 127 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) underwent endovascular treatment in our center. Among them, five AISs were due to acute dissection of an “S”-shaped carotid artery. Coexisting carotid embolism was identified in all five patients, who first underwent successful Solitaire AB stent-based retrieval of the embolism. All patients then underwent Solitaire AB stenting to reopen the occluded carot...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neural stem cell therapies and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2018Source: Progress in NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Lei Huang, Lubo ZhangAbstractHypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult as well as in the neonate. Extensive pre-clinical studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of neural stem cell-based treatments for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. There are two major strategies of neural stem cell-based therapies: transplanting exogenous neural stem cells and boosting self-repair of endogenous neural stem cells. Neural stem cell transplantation has been proved to improve functional recovery ...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke
This article reviews recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. CNS cells in the neurovascular unit, as well as blood-borne peripheral cells constantly modulate the BBB and influence its breakdown and repair after ischemic stroke. The involvement of stroke risk factors and comorbid conditions further complicate the pathogenesis of neurovascular injury by predisposing the BBB to anatomical and functional changes that can exacerbate BBB dysfunction. Emphasis is also given to the process of long-term structural and functional restoration of the BBB after i...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

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