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Atrial fibrillation: effects beyond the atrium?
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained clinical arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity, mostly secondary to heart failure and stroke, and an estimated two-fold increase in premature death. Efforts to increase our understanding of AF and its complications have focused on unravelling the mechanisms of electrical and structural remodelling of the atrial myocardium. Yet, it is increasingly recognized that AF is more than an atrial disease, being associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and adverse effects on the structure and function of the left ventricular myocardium tha...
Source: Cardiovascular Research - February 23, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wijesurendra, R. S., Casadei, B. Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Pharmacological modulation of cardiac function and blood vessel calibre
This article considers the global control of the system through to local and regional regulation of blood flow, and how the system may be manipulated at every stage.
Source: Anaesthesia and intensive care medicine - January 26, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Relation of Diastolic Blood Pressure and Coronary Artery Calcium to Coronary Events and Outcomes (From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Diastolic blood pressure has a J-curve relationship with coronary heart disease and death. Because this association is thought to reflect reduced coronary perfusion at low diastolic blood pressure, we hypothesized that the J-curve would be most pronounced among persons with coronary artery calcium. Among 6,811 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we used Cox models to examine if diastolic blood pressure category is associated with coronary heart disease events, stroke, and mortality.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Faisal Rahman, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Michael J. Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Matthew J Budoff, Bruce M. Psaty, Wendy S. Post, Roger S. Blumenthal, John W. McEvoy Source Type: research

Abstract 031: Diastolic Blood Pressure, Coronary Artery Calcium, and Cardiac Outcomes in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Session Title: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction
Diastolic blood pressure (BP) has a J-curve relationship with coronary heart disease and death. Because this association is thought to reflect reduced coronary perfusion at low diastolic BP, our objective was to test whether the J-curve is most pronounced among persons with coronary artery calcium. Among 6,811 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we used Cox models to examine if diastolic BP category is associated with coronary heart disease events, stroke, and mortality. Analyses were conducted in the sample overall and after stratification by coronary artery calcium score. In multivariable-adjuste...
Source: Hypertension - September 14, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: John W McEvoy, Faisal Rahman, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Michael Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Matthew Budoff, Bruce Psaty, Wendy Post, Roger Blumenthal Tags: Oral Abstract Presentations Source Type: research

Long-term optical imaging of neurovascular coupling in mouse cortex using GCaMP6f and intrinsic hemodynamic signals
Publication date: 15 January 2018 Source:NeuroImage, Volume 165 Author(s): Xiaochun Gu, Wei Chen, Jiang You, Alan P. Koretsky, N.D. Volkow, Yingtian Pan, Congwu Du Cerebral hemodynamics are modulated in response to changes in neuronal activity, a process termed neurovascular coupling (NVC), which can be disrupted by neuropsychiatric diseases (e.g., stroke, Alzheimer's disease). Thus, there is growing interest to image long-term NVC dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolutions. Here, by combining the use of a genetically-encoded calcium indicator with optical techniques, we develop a longitudinal multimodal optical imagin...
Source: NeuroImage - November 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Postpartum Increases in Cerebral Edema and Inflammation in response to Placental Ischemia during Pregnancy
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2018 Source:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Author(s): Ahsia M. Clayton, Qingmei Shao, Nina D. Paauw, Ashtin B. Giambrone, Joey P. Granger, Junie P. Warrington Reduced placental blood flow results in placental ischemia, an initiating event in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a hypertensive pregnancy disorder. While studies show increased mortality risk from Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and cerebrovascular complications in women with a history of preeclampsia, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. During pregnancy, placental ischemia, induced by reducing uterine perfusion pr...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - March 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Postpartum Increases in Cerebral Edema and Inflammation in response to Placental Ischemia during Pregnancy.
Abstract Reduced placental blood flow results in placental ischemia, an initiating event in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a hypertensive pregnancy disorder. While studies show increased mortality risk from Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and cerebrovascular complications in women with a history of preeclampsia, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. During pregnancy, placental ischemia, induced by reducing uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP), leads to cerebral edema and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability; however whether these complications persist after delivery is not known. Therefore, we tested ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - March 24, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Clayton AM, Shao Q, Paauw ND, Giambrone AB, Granger JP, Warrington JP Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

The role of calcium handling mechanisms in reperfusion injury.
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) remain the major cause of death and disability worldwide. However, the mortality of MI has declined dramatically over the past several decades because of advances in medicines (thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, beta blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) and approaches to restore tissue perfusion(percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiopulmonary bypass). Animals studies have been shown that these treatments have been effective in reducing acute myocardial ischemic injury and limiting MI size. The paradox is...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - November 20, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pittas K, Vrachatis DA, Angelidis C, Tsoucala S, Giannopoulos G, Defteros S Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Calcium Administration During Weaning From Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Narrative Literature Review
The search for safe and effective patient management strategies during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass is ongoing; intravenous calcium is occasionally used as a first-line drug. The physiologic role of calcium suggests that it can support the function of the cardiovascular system during this critical period. Patients may be mildly hypocalcemic after cardiopulmonary bypass; however, this degree of hypocalcemia does not significantly impair the cardiovascular system. The transient beneficial effects of calcium administration (increase in arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac index, stroke volume,...
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - July 23, 2019 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Vladimir V. Lomivorotov, Elizaveta A. Leonova, Alessandro Belletti, Vladimir A. Shmyrev, Giovanni Landoni Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Hypothermia Promotes Mitochondrial Elongation In Cardiac Cells Via Inhibition Of Drp1
In conclusion hypothermia promoted elongation of cardiac mitochondria via reduced pDrp1S616 abundance which was also associated with suppression of cellular oxygen consumption. Silencing of TRPV1 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes reproduced the morphological and respirometric phenotype of hypothermia. This report demonstrates a novel mechanism of cold-induced inhibition of mitochondrial fission.PMID:34331901 | DOI:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.07.013
Source: Cryobiology - July 31, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: David Taylor Juliana Germano Yang Song Hanane Hadj-Moussa Stefanie Marek-Iannucci Raeesa Dhanji Jon Sin Lawrence S C Czer Kenneth B Storey Roberta A Gottlieb Source Type: research

Diabetes and Heart Failure: Multi-Omics Approaches
This article reviewed the recent omics-driven discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart failure with focus on the common molecular mechanisms.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Impact of statin use on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with normal stress myocardial perfusion imaging and elevated coronary artery calcium score
CONCLUSION: Post-MPI MHIS use is associated with lower MACE and is an independent negative predictor for 24-month MACE among patients with normal MPI and CAC > 300.PMID:35139626 | DOI:10.11622/smedj.2022018
Source: Singapore Medical Journal - February 10, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Yi Hui To Xi Min Tan Cher-Lyn Low Htet Htet Min Min Sen Yew Source Type: research

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