Fistula Into The Left Atrium Following Atrial Septal Defect Closure
A 4-year-old boy [weight:13kg; height: 98cm] underwent surgical closure of a very large atrial septal defect (2.72 cm; figure 1 A, B; videoclip 1). The aortic rim of the septal defect was deficient (Figure 2, videoclip 2). Both atrioventricular valves were competent. The aortic valve and proximal aorta appeared normal. All the pulmonary veins were draining into the left atrium, and the coronary sinus was of normal size. After separation from the cardiopulmonary bypass, the 4-chamber transesophageal echocardiography view showed complete closure of the defect (Videoclip 3)]. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 18, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Mohan Madan Maddali, Salim Nasser Al Maskari, Is'haq Al Aamri Tags: Diagnostic Dilemma Source Type: research

Masthead
(Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 16, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 16, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Contents
(Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 16, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Articles to Appear in Future Issues
(Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 16, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Incidence Rates of Penn Classes and Class-Specific Mortality in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients: An Epidemiological Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) is a life-threatening emergency which is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. One of the complications is end-organ ischemia, a known predictor of mortality. The primary aim of this meta-analysis is to summarise the findings of observational studies investigating the utility of the Penn classification system as well as analyse the incidence rates and mortality patterns within each class. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 15, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Ashwini Chandiramani, Mohammed Al-Tawil, Tharun Rajasekar, Assem Elleithy, Sahil Kakar, Assad Haneya, Mohamed Zeinah, Amer Harky Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

If a tree falls in the forest, is there an echo? Lessons learnt from the STS database analysis
The use of perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is vital to the care of the cardiac surgical patient. However, there exists a substantial amount of heterogeneity in the conduct of it, and importantly, in the reporting thereof. The lack of uniformity in that it generates in patient care is clearly undesirable, and it needs to change. The importance of continuous self-examination and efforts to improve past performance cannot be overstated in an environment where reimbursement is closely linked to performance and outcome1. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 15, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Swapnil Khoche Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Does blocking the renin-angiotensin system mitigate acute kidney injury following heart transplantation?
Over the past decades, advancements in immunosuppressive therapy, organ preservation, surgical techniques and postoperative care have led to improved long term survival after heart transplantation.1,2 Despite these advances, acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac transplantation remains a common complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality.3 Heart transplant recipients are at increased risk of AKI because of pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), often attributed to prolonged low cardiac output state or cardiorenal syndrome. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 15, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Jacqueline Hui Fen, Nian Chih HWANG Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Impact of universal use of the McGrath videolaryngoscope as a device for all intubations in the cardiac operating room. A prospective before-after VIDEOLAR-CAR study
Tracheal intubation is a commonly performed procedure both in the operating room for patients requiring general anesthesia during surgical procedures and in critical care settings.1-3 The usual intubation technique in the operating room involves direct laryngoscopy, using a standard Macintosh laryngoscope. However, while the incidence of difficult intubation conditions in the operating room is relatively low, several studies have demonstrated that patients scheduled for cardiac surgery have a higher risk of a poor direct laryngoscopic view compared to those scheduled for general surgery. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic ...
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 14, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Manuel Taboada, Ana Estany-Gestal, Mar ía Rial, Agustín Cariñena, Adrián Martínez, Salomé Selas, María Eiras, Sonia Veiras, Esteban Ferreiroa, Borja Cardalda, Carmen López, Andrea Calvo, Jorge Fernández, Julián Álvarez, Jorge Miguel Alcántara, Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Methodological quality and pharmacotherapy recommendations of patient blood management guidelines for cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass
Patient blood management (PBM) guidelines for patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been increased during the past decade and pharmacotherapy plays an important role in PBM. In the face of the undefined consistency of the methodological quality and pharmacotherapy recommendations across multiple guidelines, this study exclusively evaluates methodologies of the related guideline development process and compiles medication recommendations of PBM for cardiac surgery patients. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 12, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Xiaojing Huang, Pengqiang Du, Haipan Jia, Aifeng Wang, Ying Hua, Xuelan Liu, Kaiyuan Wu, Bin Li, Hongwei Zhao Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Outcomes of vasopressin receptor agonists versus norepinephrine in adults with perioperative hypotension: A systematic review
Consensus statements recommend the use of norepinephrine and/or vasopressin for hypotension in cardiac surgery. However, there is a paucity of data among other surgical subgroups and vasopressin analogues. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare vasopressin receptor agonists with norepinephrine for hypotension among those undergoing surgery with general anesthesia. This review was prospectively registered (CRD42022316328). Literature searches were conducted by a medical librarian to November 28th, 2023, across MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. (Source: Journ...
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 12, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Kiyan Heybati, Guozhen Xie, Luqman Ellythy, Keshav Poudel, Jiawen Deng, Fangwen Zhou, Cynthia J. Chelf, Juan G. Ripoll, Harish Ramakrishna Tags: Expert Review Source Type: research

Beyond Anemia and Transfusion of Red Blood Cells: Further Perspectives on Sex-based Biological Differences and Vascular Inflammation
We read with interest the work by Wester et al. on the influence of sex on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the Netherlands.1 The study further corroborates the previously recognized risk associated with cardiac surgery in women.2 The accompanying editorial emphasizes the lack of definitive proof for the causal link between RBC transfusion and mortality. We would like to add our perspectives to these observations. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 12, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Hisako Okada, Leslie L. Shultz, Kenneth E. Stewart, Kenichi A. Tanaka Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke in the Cardiac Surgery ICU: A Quality Improvement Study
To investigate the frequency of stroke and code stroke activation, and the factors influencing code stroke management in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 11, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Abobakr Al-Amoodi, Derek Debicki, Osama Sefien, Daniel Bainbridge Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Between a Rock and Hard Place: The Aortomitral Continuity Dilemma
In this issue of the Journal, Brown and colleagues present a retrospective analysis of postoperative outcomes (n=331) after aortomitral continuity (AMC) reconstruction (referred to as the Commando procedure) in the setting of mitral and aortic valve replacement (MVR, AVR).1 The study is single center and spans over a decade from 2010 to 2022. Patients undergoing this reconstruction were compared to those with simply MVR and AVR. The Commando group were more likely to undergo re-do cardiac surgery and emergent surgery. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 11, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Richa Dhawan, Mark A. Chaney Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Normothermic Regional Perfusion – a case for worth defending.
To the Editor, (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia - March 11, 2024 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Dr. Gillian Crowe, Dr James O'Rourke Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research