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Infectious Disease: Epidemics

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Total 343 results found since Jan 2013.

Overdose Receiving Centers - An Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Authors: Hern HG, Goldstein D, Tzvieli O, Mercer M, Sporer K, Herring AA Abstract Drug overdose deaths have been the leading cause of accidental death in the United States with two thirds involving opioids. Strong evidence supports the efficacy of medications for addiction treatment such as buprenorphine and harm reduction strategies such as naloxone distribution. While emergency medical service (EMS) systems have defined specialty centers for the treatment of many significant life threatening disease (trauma, stroke, myocardial infarction) implementation of opioid use disorder systems of care that integrate EMS ar...
Source: Prehospital Emergency Care - January 30, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Prehosp Emerg Care Source Type: research

Sensors, Vol. 21, Pages 424: Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Vasculature Using LED versus Laser Illumination: A Comparison Study on Tissue Phantoms and In Vivo Humans
Kothapalli Vascular diseases are becoming an epidemic with an increasing aging population and increases in obesity and type II diabetes. Point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and monitoring of vascular diseases is an unmet medical need. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides label-free multiparametric information of deep vasculature based on strong absorption of light photons by hemoglobin molecules. However, conventional PAI systems use bulky nanosecond lasers which hinders POC applications. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as cost-effective and portable optical sources for the PAI of living subjects. Howev...
Source: Sensors - January 9, 2021 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Agrawal Kuniyil Ajith Singh Johnstonbaugh Han Pameijer Kothapalli Tags: Article Source Type: research

Difficulties and Countermeasures in Hospital Emergency Management for Fast-Lane Treatment of Acute Stroke During the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a long incubation period and a high degree of infectivity. Patients may not show specific signs or symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, and the age of onset is similar to that of stroke. Furthermore, an increase in neurological conditions, specifically acute cerebrovascular disease, has been detected. Providing emergency treatment for acute stroke in accordance with the strict epidemic control measures is currently one of the main challenges, as acute stroke is rapid onset and a major cause of death and disability globally. We aimed to evaluate the emergency tre...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the anti ‐inflammatory role of melatonin
AbstractObesity is a predominant risk factor in ischemic stroke and is commonly comorbid with it. Pathologies following these conditions are associated with systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases substantially in experimental models of ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity. Herein, we explore the proinflammatory events that occur during ischemic stroke and obesity, and we discuss the influence of obesity on the inflammatory response and cerebral damage outcomes in experimental models of brain ischemia. In addition, because melat...
Source: BioFactors - November 2, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Nuttapong Yawoot, Piyarat Govitrapong, Chainarong Tocharus, Jiraporn Tocharus Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Request of hospital care dropped for TIA but remained stable for stroke during COVID-19 pandemic at a large Italian university hospital
AbstractReduced incidence of stroke during COVID-19 pandemic was sometimes  reported. While decrease in stroke incidence and fear of patients to go to the hospitals were sometimes invoked to explain this decrease, reduction in urban pollution was also hypothesized as a possible cause. We investigated statistically the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and of transient ischemic attacks, at a large Italian tertiary stroke center during the pandemic. We analyzed statistically the number of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), ischemic strokes (IS) and hemorrhagic strokes (HS) between March 8 and May 2, 2020, the pe...
Source: Internal and Emergency Medicine - October 15, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Stroke Systems of Care during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Kobe City
The novel coronavirus disease 2019  (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, spread worldwide in 2020. As of June 1, 2020, the estimated number of global cases and deaths has exceeded 6 million and 370,000, respectively.1 In Japan, the number of reported cases increased sharply in March 2020, with community tran smission presenting at the highest rate in urban areas, leading to a state of emergency being declared by the Japanese government on April 7. Subsequently, on April 9, the Japan Stroke Society and the Japanese Circulation Society issued a joint statement on the importance of maintaining high-q...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Nobuyuki Ohara, Hirotoshi Imamura, Hidemitsu Adachi, Yoshie Hara, Kohkichi Hosoda, Hidehito Kimura, Kazuyuki Kuwayama, Takashi Mizowaki, Yasuhiko Motooka, Kazuya Nakashima, Narihide Shinoda, Takeshi Takamoto, Yasushi Ueno, Ikuya Yamaura, Chie Yanagihara, Source Type: research

Daily intermittent fasting in mice enhances morphine-induced antinociception while mitigating reward, tolerance, and constipation
The opioid epidemic has plagued the United States with high levels of abuse and poor quality of life for chronic pain patients requiring continuous use of opioids. New drug discovery efforts have been implemented to mitigate this epidemic; however, new medications are still limited by low efficacy and/or high side effect and abuse potential. Intermittent fasting (IF) has recently been shown to improve a variety of pathological states, including stroke and neuroinflammation. Numerous animal and human studies have shown the benefits of IF in these disease states, but not in pain and opioid treatment. We thus subjected male a...
Source: Pain - September 24, 2020 Category: Anesthesiology Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Characteristics of Acute Stroke in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Challenges in Stroke Management during an Epidemic.
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Korean city of Daegu endured the first large COVID-19 outbreak outside of China. Since the report of the first confirmed case in Daegu on February 18, 2020, a total of 6,880 patients have been reported until May 29, 2020. We experienced five patients with ischemic stroke and COVID-19 during this period in four tertiary hospitals in Daegu. The D-dimer levels were high in all three patients in whom D-dimer blood testing was performed. Multiple embolic infarctions were observed in three pati...
Source: J Korean Med Sci - September 6, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kwon DH, Do Y, Eun MY, Lee J, Park H, Sohn SI, Hong JH Tags: J Korean Med Sci Source Type: research

Comparison of Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Blacks versus Whites and the Utilization of Race in a Novel Risk Score
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia in the world, with over 30 million people affected as of 2010.1 The number of patients projected to develop AF will double over the next decade.2 AF is independently associated with an increased risk of stroke,3 heart failure (HF),4 and mortality.5 It is not surprising, thus, that AF assumes a sizeable share of health care expenditure and its magnitude is reaching epidemic proportions.6 Blacks despite having a higher prevalence of traditional risk factors for AF, such as HF, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, have been shown to have a lower incidence of AF.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 27, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gurukripa N. Kowlgi, Sampath Gunda, Santosh K. Padala, Jayanthi N. Koneru, Abhishek J. Deshmukh, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen Source Type: research

The effect of COVID-19 on stroke hospitalizations in New York City
Little is known about the effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on stroke care and the impact of the epidemic on acute stroke hospitalizations has not been described.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Charles Esenwa, Michael K. Parides, Daniel L. Labovitz Source Type: research

Thromboembolic events related to atrial fibrillation during the COVID-19 epidemic in Denmark
The COVID-19 epidemic has threatened to overwhelm the health-care systems of European countries resulting in government decisions of extensive societal lockdowns. There have been considerable concerns regarding the collateral effects of the COVID-19 epidemic overshadowing the care of patients with other medical conditions including cardiovascular diseases. Of interest, decreases in the registered incidences of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke have been reported [1,2]. AF is a common reason for physician contact and AF patients are often recommended treatment with oral anticoagulants to mitigate the associated r...
Source: Thrombosis Research - July 29, 2020 Category: Hematology Authors: Peter Vibe Rasmussen, Paul Blanche, Jarl Emanuel Strange, Jawad Haider Butt, Frederik Dalgaard, Kristian Kragholm, Matthew Phelps, Gunnar Gislason, Morten Lock Hansen Tags: Letter to the Editors-in-Chief Source Type: research

Less Myocardial Infarction and Stroke Hospitalizations During Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Epidemic in Korea
Viral infections are known to impact coronary disease, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be triggered by the inflammatory cytokine response to infection.1,2 Cytokines promote local inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary artery, which can lead to plaque destabilization, rupture, and eventually AMI development. Psychological adversity, depression, stress at home or work, social isolation and loneliness are also known factors contributing to acute vascular event.3 Recent outbreaks of coronavirus (CoV), including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) ...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - July 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Cai De Jin, Moo Hyun Kim, Kwang Min Lee, Jong Sung Park, Dong Sik Jung, Sung-Cheol Yun, Victor Serebruany Source Type: research

COVID-19 Infection and Neurological Complications: Present Findings and Future Predictions
The present outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, an influenza virus with neurotropic potential, presents with neurological manifestations in a large proportion of the affected individuals. Disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system are all present, while stroke, ataxia, seizures, and depressed level of consciousness are more common in severely affected patients. People with these severe complications are most likely elderly with medical comorbidities, especially hypertension and other vascular risk factors. However, postinfectious complications are also expected. Neurological disorders as sequelae of influenza viruse...
Source: Neuroepidemiology - July 1, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection
The COVID-19 epidemic has led to an unpreceded disruption in health care systems worldwide. Concerns have been recently raised about young patients with COVID-19 presenting with large ischemic strokes.1 Data on stroke in COVID-19 patients remain limited to a few case reports.1 In this focused analysis, we investigated the incidence and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in young adults using a multinational database.
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - June 13, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Frank Annie, Mark C. Bates, Aravinda Nanjundappa, Deepak L. Bhatt, Mohamad Alkhouli Source Type: research