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Presentations and mechanisms of CNS disorders related to COVID-19
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to severe respiratory symptoms, there are a growing number of reports showing a wide range of CNS complications in patients with COVID-19. Here, we review the literature on these complications, ranging from nonspecific symptoms to necrotizing encephalopathies, encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, endotheliitis, and stroke. We postulate that there are several different mechanisms involved in COVID-19–associated CNS dysfunction, particularly activation of inflammatory and thro...
Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation - December 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Bodro, M., Compta, Y., Sanchez-Valle, R. Tags: Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Encephalitis, COVID-19 Views [amp ] Reviews Source Type: research

High Prevalence of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Non-Severe COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized for a Neurovascular Disease
Conclusion: Despite thromboprophylaxis, systematic bedside DUS showed a high prevalence (38.5%) of asymptomatic DVT in non-severe COVID-19 patients suffering from a neurovascular disease. In the absence of a reliable marker of DVT, we suggest that this non-invasive investigation could be an interesting tool to monitor peripheral venous thrombotic complications in such patients.Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2020;10:174 –180
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra - December 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Associations of COVID-19 —Do We Know Enough: A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study
This study will discuss the detailed systematically evaluated clinical profile and relevant investigations and outcome of 14 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presenting with neurological signs and symptoms. The patients were further categorized into confirmed, probable, and possible neurological associations. The probable association was found in meningoencephalitis (n = 4), stroke (n = 2), Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), and anosmia (n = 1). The other six patients had coexisting neurological diseases with SARS-CoV-2. One patient with a large artery stroke succumbed to the illness due to respiratory comp...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 24, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of a Stay-at-Home Order on Stroke Admission, Subtype, and Metrics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusions: There was a trend of decreasing AIS admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was also a significantly increased number of AIS patients with LVO who received MT, especially those with COVID-19. We conclude that cytokine storm resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection might play a role in AIS patients with COVID-19.Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2020;10:159 –165
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra - November 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The impact of Covid-19 lockdown on stroke admissions and treatments in Campania
This study analyses the impact of Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on the incidence of stroke, in Campania, the most densely-populated region in Italy.Methods: we retrospectively analysed data regarding acute stroke patients presenting at 5 Campania stroke hubs, before and after the issue of lockdown in Italy on March 9th, 2020.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Candelaresi Paolo, Manzo Valentino, Giovanna Servillo, Muto Mario, Barone Paolo, Napoletano Rosa, Saponiero Renato, Andreone Vincenzo, Palma Vincenzo, Spitaleri Daniele, D'Onofrio Florindo, Maniscalco Giorgia, Salvatore Simona, Leone Giuseppe, Capone Elis Source Type: research

Encephalopathy in COVID-19 Presenting With Acute Aphasia Mimicking Stroke
Conclusions: We report a patient with reversible COVID-19-related encephalopathy presenting as acute aphasia, mimicking stroke or status epilepticus, eventually evolving into delirium. Although large-vessel stroke is frequently encountered in COVID-19, our case suggests that focal neurological deficits may occur as the earliest feature of encephalopathy. Neurological status reversibility and the absence of abnormalities on brain MRI are consistent with a functional rather than a structural neuronal network impairment.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - October 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thromboses in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Three Cases and a Review of the Literature
: Early studies suggest that acute cerebrovascular events may be common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may be associated with a high mortality rate. Most cerebrovascular events described have been ischemic strokes, but both intracerebral hemorrhage and rarely cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) have also been reported. The diagnosis of CVST can be elusive, with wide-ranging and nonspecific presenting symptoms that can include headache or altered sensorium alone.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Felix Nwajei, Pria Anand, Mohamad Abdalkader, Vanesa C. Andreu Arasa, Hugo J. Aparicio, Siavash Behbahani, Gioacchino Curiale, Ali Daneshmand, Hormuzdiyar Dasenbrock, Thomas Mayo, Asim Mian, Thanh Nguyen, Charlene Ong, J. Rafael Romero, Osamu Sakai, Court Source Type: research

Neurological reasons for consultation and hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic
ConclusionNeurological disturbances represent a significant and severe burden in COVID-19 patients, and they can be the presenting condition that leads to the diagnosis of the viral infection in a high percentage of patients. Evidence of direct viral mechanisms was scarce, but the pathogenesis of the diverse manifestations remains enigmatic.
Source: Neurological Sciences - October 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with SARS-CoV-2; a multinational case series
We present a series of CVST cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods In a multinational retrospective study, we collected all cases of CVST in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients admitted to nine tertiary stroke centers from the beginning of the pandemic to June 30th, 2020. We compared the demographics, clinical and radiological characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of these patients with a control group of non-SARS-CoV-2 infected CVST patients in the same seasonal period of the years 2012 –2016 from the country where the majority of cases were recruited.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - October 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ashkan Mowla, Banafsheh Shakibajahromi, Shima Shahjouei, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Nasrin Rahimian, Humain Baharvahdat, Soheil Naderi, Fariborz Khorvash, Davar Altafi, Seyed Amir Ebrahimzadeh, Ghasem Farahmand, Alaleh Vaghefi Far, Vijay K. Sharma, Saeideh Source Type: research

Stroke and Thromboprophylaxis in the era of COVID-19
In the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, many patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke may be potentially infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) agent. As stroke patients are often unable to give an adequate history of preceding COVID-19 symptoms, all stroke patients in areas with high prevalence of community transmission should be considered potential cases. Observational studies have suggested an increased tendency for thrombotic events in patients infected with SARS CoV-2.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Alice Ma, Carlos S. Kase, Ashkan Shoamanesh, Mohamad Abdalkader, Aleksandra Pikula, Anvitha Sathya, Luciana Catanese, Alun T. Ellis, Thanh N. Nguyen Source Type: research

Cross-Talk Between Key Players in Patients with COVID-19 and Ischemic Stroke: A  Review on Neurobiological Insight of the Pandemic
AbstractThe global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the entire human race by surprise and led to an unprecedented number of mortalities worldwide so far. Current clinical studies have interpreted that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition, ACE2 is the major component of the renin-angiotensin system. ACE2 deteriorates angiotensin II, a peptide that is responsible for the promotion of stroke. The downregulation of ACE2 further activates an immunological cascade. Thus, researchers need to explore ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological consultations and diagnoses in a large, dedicated COVID-19 university hospital
Conclusions: Most neurological consultations in a COVID-19-dedicated hospital were requested for severe conditions that could have an impact on the outcome. First-line doctors should be able to recognize neurological symptoms; neu rologists are important members of the medical team in COVID-19 hospital care.RESUMO Introdu ção: Mais de um terço dos pacientes com COVID-19 apresentam sintomas neurológicos que variam de anosmia a AVC e encefalopatia. Além disso, doenças neurológicas prévias podem exigir tratamento especial e estar associadas a piores desfechos. Não obstante, o papel dos neurologistas na COVID-1 9 é p...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - September 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Complications Among Native Americans with COVID-19: Our Experience at a Tertiary Care Academic Hospital in the U.S.
To study the central nervous system (CNS) complications in patients with COVID-19 infection especially among Native American population in the current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (COVID-19).
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Rahul Shekhar, Abu Baker Sheikh, Sajid S. Suriya, Shubra Upadhyay, Atif Zafar Source Type: research

Anticoagulation use and Hemorrhagic Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated at a New York Healthcare System
ConclusionWe observed an overall low rate of imaging-confirmed hemorrhagic stroke among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Most hemorrhages in patients with COVID-19 infection occurred in the setting of therapeutic anticoagulation and were associated with increased mortality. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19.
Source: Neurocritical Care - August 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain
AbstractA woman in her forties with asthma and COPD was admitted to a general medical floor with respiratory symptoms, body aches, and anosmia. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Admission labs, including biomarkers of the systemic immunological dysfunction seen in many cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were within normal ranges. On the second day of admission, she developed neck and back pain that was constant, burning in quality, and exacerbated by light touch and heat. Wearing clothing caused pain and interfered with her sleep. The area w...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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