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Diabetes and Heart Failure: Multi-Omics Approaches
This article reviewed the recent omics-driven discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart failure with focus on the common molecular mechanisms.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis
Conclusion The impact of sepsis on the gut is manifold, e.g., sepsis mediated alteration of the gut-blood barrier and increase in the intestinal permeability, which may correlate with the phenomena of bacterial translocation and lymphatic activation (“toxic-lymph”). Systemic consequences of sepsis are widespread and concern to the coagulative system, the microbiome as well as enzymes, such as pancreatic proteases, MMPs and IAPs. Nevertheless, the therapeutic approaches for modulating the mucosal immune system are still rarely effective in daily routine. Recent published studies showing that treatment with ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Ginsenoside F1 promotes angiogenesis by activating the IGF-1/IGF1R pathway
Publication date: Available online 29 April 2019Source: Pharmacological ResearchAuthor(s): Jiayan Zhang, Mingqun Liu, Maohua Huang, Minfeng Chen, Dong Zhang, Liangping Luo, Geni Ye, Lijuan Deng, Yinghui Peng, Xin Wu, Guanping Liu, Wencai Ye, Dongmei ZhangAbstractIschemic stroke is one of the most lethal and highly disabling diseases that seriously affects the human health and quality of life. A therapeutic angiogenic strategy has been proposed to alleviate ischemia-induced injury by promoting angiogenesis and improving cerebrovascular function in the ischemic regions. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/insulin-like g...
Source: Pharmacological Research - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of the Microhaemodynamics in Upper and Lower Limbs
Conclusion The use of optical non-invasive diagnostic methods has a great potential for the detection of concomitant microcirculation disorders in patients with rheumatic diseases and diabetes. In this review, it was shown that the use of laser Doppler flowmetry, optical tissue oximetry and fluorescence spectroscopy together or separately may have important diagnostic value for the detection of violations, assessment of their severity, as well as for the analysis of the effectiveness of the therapy. The joint application of the considered technologies with the methods of machine learning (discriminant analysis) can be use...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR
This study demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and death were three times higher among men with low birth weight compared to men with high birth weight (5). Epidemiological investigations of adults born at the time of the Dutch famine between 1944 and 1945 revealed an association between maternal starvation and a low infant birth weight with a high incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in these adults (23). Furthermore, Painter et al. reported the incidence of early onset coronary heart disease among persons conceived during the Dutch famine (24). In that regard, Barker's findin...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Pioglitazone Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Subjects With Diabetes
CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone improves whole-body and myocardial insulin sensitivity, LV diastolic function, and systolic function in T2D. Improved myocardial insulin sensitivity and diastolic function are strongly correlated.
Source: Diabetes Care - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Clarke, G. D.; Solis-Herrera, C.; Molina-Wilkins, M.; Martinez, S.; Merovci, A.; Cersosimo, E.; Chilton, R. J.; Iozzo, P.; Gastaldelli, A.; Abdul-Ghani, M.; DeFronzo, R. A. Tags: Epidemiology-Diabetes Complications Pathophysiology/Complications Source Type: research

Linagliptin treatment improves cerebrovascular function and remodeling and restores reduced cerebral perfusion in Type 2 diabetes
In this study, we hypothesized that DPP-IV inhibition with linagliptin would improve impaired cerebral perfusion in diabetic rats, as well as improve insulin-induced cerebrovascular relaxation and reverse pathological cerebrovascular remodeling. We further postulated that these changes would lead to a subsequent improvement of cognitive function. Male Type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats were treated with linagliptin for 4 wk, and blood glucose and DPP-IV plasma levels were assessed. Cerebral perfusion was assessed after treatment using laser-Doppler imaging, and dose response to insulin (10–13 M–...
Source: AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - August 31, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hardigan, T., Yasir, A., Abdelsaid, M., Coucha, M., El-Shaffey, S., Li, W., Johnson, M. H., Ergul, A. Tags: Obesity, Diabetes and Energy Homeostasis Source Type: research

Linagliptin treatment improves cerebrovascular function and remodeling and restores reduced cerebral perfusion in type 2 diabetes.
In this study, we hypothesized that DPP-IV inhibition with linagliptin would improve impaired cerebral perfusion in diabetic rats as well as improve insulin-induced cerebrovascular relaxation and reverse pathological cerebrovascular remodeling. We further postulated that these changes would lead to a subsequent improvement of cognitive function. Male type-2 diabetic and nondiabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were treated with linagliptin for four weeks, and blood glucose and DPP-IV plasma levels were assessed. Cerebral perfusion was assessed post-treatment using laser Doppler imaging, and dose response to insulin (10(-13)- 10...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - June 28, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Hardigan T, Yasir A, Abdelsaid M, Coucha M, El-Shaffey S, Li W, Johnson MH, Ergul A Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Assessment of myocardial metabolic flexibility and work efficiency in human type 2 diabetes using 16-18Ffluoro-4-thiapalmitate, a novel PET fatty acid tracer
Altered myocardial fuel selection likely underlies cardiac disease risk in diabetes, affecting oxygen demand and myocardial metabolic flexibility. We investigated myocardial fuel selection and metabolic flexibility in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using positron emission tomography to measure rates of myocardial fatty acid oxidation {16-[18F]fluoro-4-thia-palmitate (FTP)} and myocardial perfusion and total oxidation ([11C]acetate). Participants underwent paired studies under fasting conditions, comparing 3-h insulin + glucose euglycemic clamp conditions (120 mU·m–2·min–1) to 3-h saline in...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - March 15, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mather, K. J., Hutchins, G. D., Perry, K., Territo, W., Chisholm, R., Acton, A., Glick-Wilson, B., Considine, R. V., Moberly, S., DeGrado, T. R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Assessment of myocardial metabolic flexibility and work efficiency in human Type 2 diabetes using 16-18F-fluoro-4-thiapalmitate, a novel PET fatty acid tracer.
Abstract Altered myocardial fuel selection likely underlies cardiac disease risk in diabetes, affecting oxygen demand and myocardial metabolic flexibility. We investigated myocardial fuel selection and metabolic flexibility in human Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), using positron emission tomography to measure rates of myocardial fatty acid oxidation (16-(18)F-fluoro-4-thia-palmitate, FTP), and myocardial perfusion and total oxidation ((11)C-acetate). Participants underwent paired studies under fasting conditions, comparing 3-hour insulin+glucose euglycemic clamp conditions (120 mU/m(2)/min) to 3-hour saline infusion. Lean...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - January 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mather KJ, Hutchins GD, Perry K, Territo W, Chisholm R, Acton A, Glick-Wilsom B, Considine RV, Moberly S, DeGrado TR Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Early Insulin Glycemic Control Combined With tPA Thrombolysis Reduces Acute Brain Tissue Damages in a Focal Embolic Stroke Model of Diabetic Rats Brief Reports
Conclusions— Early insulin glycemic control may be beneficial in combination with tPA thrombolysis for ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus or poststroke hyperglycemia.
Source: Stroke - December 24, 2012 Category: Neurology Authors: Fan, X., Ning, M., Lo, E. H., Wang, X. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Type 1 diabetes, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Embolic stroke, Emergency treatment of Stroke, Thrombolysis Brief Reports Source Type: research