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Specialty: Neurology
Drug: Insulin

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Total 327 results found since Jan 2013.

A Diagnostic Score for Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Patients with Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
We sought to develop an instrument to screen for insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 10, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Jin Xu, Catherine M. Viscoli, Gary A. Ford, Mark Gorman, Walter N. Kernan, IRIS Trial Investigators Source Type: research

News from the International Stroke Conference: Pioglitazone Found to Be Associated with a Lower Risk of Secondary Stroke in Non-Diabetic Patients with Insulin Resistance
No abstract available
Source: Neurology Today - March 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Features Source Type: research

VIDEO: Post-stroke pioglitazone modestly protective against secondary vascular events
LOS ANGELES – Nondiabetic, insulin-resistant patients who started pioglitazone within 6 months of an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack had almost a 3% absolute risk reduction in secondary...
Source: Clinical Neurology News - February 19, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

IRIS: Diabetes Drug Reduces Recurrent Stroke, MIIRIS: Diabetes Drug Reduces Recurrent Stroke, MI
A randomized trial shows that in patients with insulin resistance but no diabetes and a history of recent stroke or TIA, pioglitazone reduced recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction vs placebo. Medscape Medical News
Source: Medscape Neurology and Neurosurgery Headlines - February 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurology & Neurosurgery News Source Type: news

Diabetes drug may prevent recurring strokes
Pioglitazone, a drug used for type 2 diabetes, may prevent recurrent stroke and heart attacks in people with insulin resistance but without diabetes. The results of the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial, presented at the International Stroke Conference 2016 in Los Angeles and published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggest a potential new method to prevent stroke and heart attack in high-risk patients who have already had one stroke or transient ischemic attack.
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - February 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

Higher Insulin Resistance Level is Associated with Worse Clinical Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis
Abstract Insulin resistance is linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and stroke. We investigated whether there is a relationship between insulin resistance and clinical findings and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. In our study, 180 acute ischemic stroke non-diabetic patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (iv rt-PA) were evaluated for insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The threshold for HOMA-IR was determined as 2.7. Patients were grouped as HOMA-IR > 2...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 30, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

D-4F Decreases White Matter Damage After Stroke in Mice Basic Sciences
Conclusions— D-4F treatment initiated 2 h after MCAo decreases neuroinflammation and white matter damage and improves functional outcome after stroke. D-4F-induced increase in IGF1 may contribute to D-4F–induced neurite/axonal outgrowth after stroke.
Source: Stroke - December 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Cui, X., Chopp, M., Zacharek, A., Cui, C., Yan, T., Ning, R., Chen, J. Tags: Treatment, Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Inflammatory and metabolic markers and short-time outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke in relation to TOAST subtypes
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between inflammatory and metabolic markers and short-time outcome with acute ischemic stroke subtypes. A total of 121 patients was classified according to TOAST criteria, such as large artery atherosclerosis (LAAS), lacunar infarct (LAC), cardioembolic infarct (CEI), other determined etiology (ODE), and undetermined etiology (UDE). The functional impairment was evaluated within the first eight hours of stroke and the outcome after three-month follow-up using the modified Rankin Scale. Blood samples were obtained up to 24 h of stroke. Compared with 96...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - November 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Incident Small Vessel Disease on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— The IR score and central obesity are associated with incident lacunar disease but not WMH progression in individuals. Central obesity and IR may be important risk factors to target to prevent lacunar disease.
Source: Stroke - October 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Dearborn, J. L., Schneider, A. L. C., Sharrett, A. R., Mosley, T. H., Bezerra, D. C., Knopman, D. S., Selvin, E., Jack, C. R., Coker, L. H., Alonso, A., Wagenknecht, L. E., Windham, B. G., Gottesman, R. F. Tags: Glucose intolerance, CT and MRI, Cerebral Lacunes, Epidemiology Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Chromium supplementation improved post-stroke brain infarction and hyperglycemia
In this study, we investigated whether post-stroke hyperglycemia involved chromium dynamic mobilization in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia and whether dietary supplement of chromium improved post-stroke injury and alterations. Stroke rats developed brain infarction, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Post-stroke hyperglycemia was accompanied by elevated secretion of counter-regulatory hormones including glucagon, corticosterone, and norepinephrine, decreased insulin signaling in skeletal muscles, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Correlation studies revealed ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - October 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The impaired synthesis of insulin and its inability to inhibit platelet aggregation in cerebrovascular accident
Abstract Both ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) are reported to occur due to thrombosis on the arteries of the brain. As diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for strokes and insulin is reported to prevent thrombosis, the role of insulin in IS and HS was investigated. Forty eight stroke victims (IS = 22, HS = 26) and equal number of aged and sex matched normal volunteers participated in the study. Nitric oxide was determined by methemoglobin method. Insulin and Dermcidin isoform-2 (DCN2) level was determined by ELISA by using insulin and dermcidin antibody. Insulin binding to the platelet membrane...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - September 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Influence of glycaemic control on the outcomes of patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis for cerebral ischaemia
Abstract Whether the glycaemic control during the first hours of cerebral ischaemia treated by thrombolysis influences outcomes remains unsettled. We aimed at evaluating the quality of the glycaemic control and whether patients with well-controlled glycaemia after thrombolysis for acute cerebral ischaemia have better outcomes. We retrospectively analysed data prospectively collected in consecutive stroke patients who received i.v. thrombolysis at the Lille University Hospital. Patients with glycaemia >1.6 g/l (8.9 mmol/l) at any point during the first 48 h received insulin. We used 2 definitions of well cont...
Source: Journal of Neurology - August 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Delays Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rabbits
Abstract Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) can counteract oxidative stress and inhibit the inflammatory response in focal ischemic stroke models. However, the effect of BMMNC transplantation on carotid atherosclerosis needs to be determined. The carotid atherosclerotic plaque model was established in New Zealand White rabbits by balloon injury and 8 weeks of high-fat diet. Rabbits were randomized to receive an intravenous injection of autologous bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled BMMNCs or an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline. Plaques were evaluated for expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammato...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Epigenetic changes in the methylation patterns of KCNQ1 and WT1 after a weight loss intervention program in obese stroke patients.
The objective of this research was to investigate, in obese patients suffering a previous stroke, the effects of a nutritional program on anthropometric and biochemical variables, and on the methylation patterns of two stroke-related genes (KCNQ1: potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 1; and WT1: Wilms tumor 1). Twenty-two ischemic stroke patients were compared with a control group composed of eighteen obese subjects with similar age and body mass index ranges. Both groups followed a 20-week nutritional program based on an energy-restricted balanced diet with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet...
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - July 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Abete I, Gomez-Uriz AM, Mansego ML, De Arce A, Goyenechea E, Blazquez V, Martinez-Zabaleta MT, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, De Munain AL, Martinez JA, Campion J, Milagro FI Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research

Intranasal Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 as Neuroprotectants in Acute Ischemic Stroke
We present the theoretical background and pathophysiologic mechanisms, animal and human studies of intranasal insulin and IGF-1, and the safety and feasibility of intranasal route for medication administration to the CNS.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research