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Vaccination: Cancer Vaccines

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Total 104 results found since Jan 2013.

PCSK9 as a new player in cancer: New opportunity or red herring?
Curr Med Chem. 2021 Nov 15. doi: 10.2174/0929867328666211115122324. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInitially described as a factor involved in liver regeneration and neuronal differentiation, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has become one of the key regulators of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Besides that, a number of studies have suggested PCSK9 may play a role in cancer biology. This is particularly true for gastroenteric (gastric and liver cancers) and lung cancers, where higher PCSK9 levels were associated with the increased ability of the tumor to develop and give metastasis as well as with...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - November 16, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Aldo Bonaventura Alessandra Vecchi é Massimiliano Ruscica Francesco Grossi Francesco Dentali Source Type: research

Exosomes derived from immunogenically dying tumor cells as a versatile tool for vaccination against pancreatic cancer
Biomaterials. 2021 Dec 2;280:121306. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121306. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDespite tremendous progress achieved in immunotherapy, many critical challenges in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) persist. Considering the poor vascularization of PDAC, after intramuscular administration exosomes can targeted deliver "cargos" to pancreatic tumors and bypass obstructions of the intrinsic overexpressed stroma through lymphatics. Herein, we propose a strategy to derive exosomes from immunogenically dying tumor cells and exploit their properties for several purposes, including antigen p...
Source: Biomaterials - December 24, 2021 Category: Materials Science Authors: Wenxi Zhou Xinli Chen Yu Zhou Si Shi Chen Liang Xianjun Yu Hongyi Chen Qin Guo Yiwen Zhang Peixin Liu Chao Li Yongchao Chu Yifan Luo Yu Wang Zheng Zhou Zhenhao Zhao Qinjun Chen Tao Sun Chen Jiang Source Type: research

Delivery Strategies for mRNA Vaccines
AbstractThe therapeutic potential for messenger RNA (mRNA) in infectious diseases and cancer was first realized almost three decades ago, but only in 2018 did the first lipid nanoparticle-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy reach the market with the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of patisiran (Onpattro ™) for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. This was largely made possible by major advances in the formulation technology for stabilized lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs). Design of the cationic ionizable lipids, which are a key component of the LNP formulations, with an acid dissociation constan...
Source: Pharmaceutical Medicine - January 30, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 657: HBsAg Loss as a Treatment Endpoint for Chronic HBV Infection: HBV Cure
ung Despite the availability of effective vaccines and antiviral therapy over the past two to three decades, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health threat as a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Functional HBV cure defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and undetectable serum HBV DNA is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HBV infection. However, spontaneous loss of HBsAg is rare and occurs in only 1% of all HBsAg-positive individuals annually. Furthermore, the rate of functional cure with currently available antiviral therapy is eve...
Source: Viruses - March 22, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Maryam Moini Scott Fung Tags: Review Source Type: research

The performance and perspectives of dendritic cell vaccines modified by immune checkpoint inhibitors or stimulants
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022 Jul 21:188763. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188763. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTherapeutic dendritic cell (DC) vaccines stimulate the elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. However, while antigen-specific T cell responses induced by DC vaccines are commonly observed, the clinical response rate is relatively poor, necessitating vaccine optimization. There is evidence that the suppression of DC function by immune checkpoints hinders the anti-tumor immune responses mediated by DC vaccines, ultimately leading to the immune escape of the tumor cells. The use of immune checkpoint i...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - July 25, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jiage Ding Yanyan Zheng Gang Wang Junnian Zheng Dafei Chai Source Type: research

Expanding Biology of PCSK9: Roles in Atherosclerosis and Beyond
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSince the discovery of PCSK9 in 2003, this proprotein convertase was shown to target specific receptors for degradation in endosomes/lysosomes, including LDLR and other family members and hence to enhance the levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol (LDLc). Accordingly, inhibitors of PCSK9, including monoclonal antibodies blocking its circulating activity and siRNA silencers of its hepatic expression, are now used in clinics worldwide to treat hypercholesterolemia patients effectively and safely in combination with statins and/or ezetimibe. These powerful treatments reduce the incidence of atheroscler...
Source: Current Atherosclerosis Reports - July 29, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

A lipid nanoparticle platform for mRNA delivery through repurposing of cationic amphiphilic drugs
J Control Release. 2022 Aug 10:S0168-3659(22)00514-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.009. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSince the recent clinical approval of siRNA-based drugs and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, the potential of RNA therapeutics for patient healthcare has become widely accepted. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most advanced nanocarriers for RNA packaging and delivery. Nevertheless, the intracellular delivery efficiency of state-of-the-art LNPs remains relatively low and safety- and immunogenicity concerns with synthetic lipid components persist, altogether rationalizing the exploration of alternative ...
Source: Cancer Control - August 13, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bram Bogaert F élix Sauvage Roberta Guagliardo Cristina Muntean Van Phuc Nguyen Eline Pottie Mike Wels An-Katrien Minnaert Riet De Rycke Qiangbing Yang Dan Peer Niek Sanders Katrien Remaut Yannis M Paulus Christophe Stove Stefaan C De Smedt Koen Raemdonc Source Type: research

Exosomes carrying immune checkpoints, a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment
AbstractExosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles generated by distinct cells. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles convey immunological checkpoint molecules. TEXs as critical mediators in tumor development, metastasis, and immune escape have recently become the focus of scientific research. Exosomes are involved in the regulation of the immune system. Exosomes interact with target cells in the tumor microenvironment, changing their function based on the cargo they contain. Exosomal immune checkpoints might be exploited to track tumor immune evasion, treatment response, and patient prognosis while enhancing tumor c...
Source: Medical Oncology - September 7, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Directing the Way —Receptor and Chemical Targeting Strategies for Nucleic Acid Delivery
AbstractNucleic acid therapeutics have shown great potential for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as genetic disorders, cancer and infections. Moreover, they have been successfully used as vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to unfold full therapeutical potential, these nano agents have to overcome several barriers. Therefore, directed transport to specific tissues and cell types remains a central challenge to receive carrier systems with enhanced efficiency and desired biodistribution profiles. Active targeting strategies include receptor-targeting, mediating cellular uptake based on ligand-receptor in...
Source: Pharmaceutical Research - September 15, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Directing the Way-Receptor and Chemical Targeting Strategies for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Pharm Res. 2022 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s11095-022-03385-w. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNucleic acid therapeutics have shown great potential for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as genetic disorders, cancer and infections. Moreover, they have been successfully used as vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to unfold full therapeutical potential, these nano agents have to overcome several barriers. Therefore, directed transport to specific tissues and cell types remains a central challenge to receive carrier systems with enhanced efficiency and desired biodistribution profiles. Active targeting strategies in...
Source: Cell Research - September 15, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Ricarda Carolin Steffens Ernst Wagner Source Type: research

Directing the Way —Receptor and Chemical Targeting Strategies for Nucleic Acid Delivery
AbstractNucleic acid therapeutics have shown great potential for the treatment of numerous diseases, such as genetic disorders, cancer and infections. Moreover, they have been successfully used as vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to unfold full therapeutical potential, these nano agents have to overcome several barriers. Therefore, directed transport to specific tissues and cell types remains a central challenge to receive carrier systems with enhanced efficiency and desired biodistribution profiles. Active targeting strategies include receptor-targeting, mediating cellular uptake based on ligand-receptor in...
Source: Pharmaceutical Research - September 15, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research