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Comprehensive management of paranasal sinus fungus balls: A Young ‐IFOS consensus statement
ConclusionUntil further data are available, these points provide a framework for the management of PSFB. Moreover, PSFB should be considered a noninvasive mycosis that is not necessarily symptomatic or related to odontogenic conditions. Although diagnosis may be incidental, endoscopy and single imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, with distinctive features) are required for diagnosis, whereas contrast medium would allow for differential diagnosis. Although treatment of PSFB should be considered mandatory before sinus augmentation and is recommended for symptomatic patients, immunosuppressed patients,...
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - October 6, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alberto Maria Saibene, Fabiana Allevi, Christian Calvo ‐Henriquez, Nicolas Dauby, Daniele Dondossola, Rémi Hervochon, Jérome R. Lechien, David Lobo‐Duro, Luca Giovanni Locatello, Antonino Maniaci, Giuditta Mannelli, Miguel Mayo‐Yáñez, Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

A case series of perioperative anaphylaxis to cefazolin during kidney transplant and review of literature
CONCLUSION: Peri-or intraoperative anaphylaxis to Cefazolin is on the rise and its consequences in transplant candidates are even more dire given the pre-existing end organ failure, financial burden for health care system, potential loss of donor organs, and emotional burden for recipients and their families. These are the first two cases of reported Cefazolin-induced anaphylaxis that actually resulted in aborting the kidney transplant operation. In addition, cases of previously reported Type 1 hypersensitivity to Cefazolin as prophylaxis for operations were reviewed and the allergy workups were discussed.PMID:36126905 | D...
Source: Transplant Immunology - September 20, 2022 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Salman Salehin Anand Kumar Nantian Harsell Hamza Salim Syed A Hussain Michael Kueht Muhammad A Mujtaba Source Type: research

Azathioprine therapy induces selective NK cell Depletion and IFN- γ Deficiency predisposing to herpes virus reactivation
CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the risk of developing adverse events during Azathioprine therapy and suggests that NK cell monitoring could be valuable in clinical practice.PMID:36122787 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.010
Source: Herpes - September 19, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Florian Ingelfinger Colin Sparano David Bamert David Reyes-Leiva Aakriti Sethi Lukas Rindlisbacher Pascale Zwicky Stefanie Kreutmair Corinne C Widmer Sarah Mundt Elena Cort és-Vicente Sonia Tugues Burkhard Becher Bettina Schreiner Source Type: research

New insights in systemic lupus erythematosus: From regulatory T cells to CAR-T-cell strategies
Systemic lupus erythematous is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with potentially multiorgan damage. Its complex etiopathogenesis involves genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors, leading to a loss of self-tolerance with autoantibody production and immune complex formation. Given the relevance of autoreactive B lymphocytes, several therapeutic approaches have been made targeting these cells. However, the disease remains incurable, reflecting an unmet need for effective strategies. Novel therapeutic concepts have been investigated to provide more specific and sustainable disease modification compared with continued immunosuppression.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - September 19, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Matteo Doglio, Tobias Alexander, Nicoletta Del Papa, John A. Snowden, Raffaella Greco, Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Source Type: research

Azathioprine therapy induces selective NK cell Depletion and IFN- γ Deficiency predisposing to herpes virus reactivation
Azathioprine is a widely prescribed drug for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as Myasthenia gravis or organ transplant recipients. Azathioprine exerts immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting intracellular purine synthesis and reducing the numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes. Case reports indicate increased risk for serious infections that can occur despite regular measurements of lymphocyte counts during Azathioprine therapy.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - September 16, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Florian Ingelfinger, Colin Sparano, David Bamert, David Reyes-Leiva, Aakriti Sethi, Lukas Rindlisbacher, Pascale Zwicky, Stefanie Kreutmair, Corinne C. Widmer, Sarah Mundt, Elena Cort és-Vicente, Sonia Tugues, Burkhard Becher, Bettina Schreiner Source Type: research

Immunobiologicals and ocular surface disease
Purpose of review Immunobiologicals have surfaced to become a new cornerstone of treatment for a wide spectrum of inflammatory disorders with an immune basis. The targets have ranged from autoimmune conditions to transplantation, and now more into atopic inflammatory disorders with primary targets of asthma and atopic dermatitis. Recent findings The clinical information garnered from these studies have provided an initial snapshot on the potential adverse effects of the immunobiologicals on the ocular surface as well as providing a potential opening of their use in the treatment of various chronic ocular surface...
Source: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology - September 15, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: EYE ALLERGY: Edited by Leonard Bielory and Abraham Solomon Source Type: research

Rapid Identification of MHCII-Binding Peptides Through Microsphere-Assisted Peptide Screening (MAPS)
Methods Mol Biol. 2022;2574:233-250. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2712-9_11.ABSTRACTCD4+ T cells play a vital role in the immune response, and their function requires T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide epitopes presented in complex with MHC class II (MHCII) molecules. Consequently, rapidly identifying peptides that bind MHCII is critical to understanding and treating infectious disease, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection. Computational methods provide a fast, ultrahigh-throughput approach to predict MHCII-binding peptides but lack the accuracy of experimental methods. In contrast, experimental met...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - September 10, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Luke F Bugada Mason R Smith Fei Wen Source Type: research

Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in Stevens –Johnson syndrome-like acute graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation: A case report
ConclusionWe demonstrated a diagnostic strategy for OLT-aGVHD. Targeting therapy with anti-TNF-α blockade and a temporary withdrawal of traditional immunosuppressants may be among effective and safe therapeutic options of OLT-aGVHD for those with severe sepsis.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - August 18, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Combined IFN γ and JAK inhibition to treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in mice
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that IFNγ blockade and ruxolitinib act synergistically to suppress HLH progression. This supports the use of combined cytokine-targeted therapies as a bridge to HCT in severe fHLH.PMID:35973477 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.026
Source: Cancer Control - August 16, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jos ée-Anne Joly Alexis Vall ée Benoite Bourdin Sara Bourbonnais Natalie Patey Louis Gaboury Yves Th éorêt H élène Decaluwe Source Type: research

Aberrant T-cell exhaustion in SCID survivors with poor T-cell reconstitution post transplant
Total and na ïve CD8+ T cells from poorly reconstituted SCID patients demonstrated exhaustion and aberrant activation. T-cell exhaustion was related to CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia and was more frequent in recipients of unconditioned HCT late after transplantation.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 16, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Roxane Labrosse, Ines Boufaied, Beno îte Bourdin, Saideep Gona, Haley E. Randolph, Brent R. Logan, Sara Bourbonnais, Chloé Berthe, Wendy Chan, Rebecca H. Buckley, Roberta E. Parrott, Geoffrey D.E. Cuvelier, Neena Kapoor, Sharat Chandra, Blachy J. Dávil Source Type: research

Aberrant T-cell exhaustion in severe combined immunodeficiency survivors with poor T-cell reconstitution after transplantation
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises rare inherited disorders of immunity that require definitive treatment through hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy for survival. Despite successes of allogeneic HCT, many SCID patients experience incomplete immune reconstitution, persistent T-cell lymphopenia, and poor long-term outcomes.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 16, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Roxane Labrosse, Ines Boufaied, Beno îte Bourdin, Saideep Gona, Haley E. Randolph, Brent R. Logan, Sara Bourbonnais, Chloé Berthe, Wendy Chan, Rebecca H. Buckley, Roberta E. Parrott, Geoffrey D.E. Cuvelier, Neena Kapoor, Sharat Chandra, Blachy J. Dávil Source Type: research

Combined IFN- γ and JAK inhibition to treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in mice
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory disease caused by genetic defects in the granule-mediated cytotoxic pathway. Success of hematopoietic cell transplantation, the only cure, is correlated with the extent of disease control before transplantation. Unfortunately, disease refractoriness and toxicities to standard chemotherapy-based regimens are fatal in a fraction of patients. Novel targeted immunotherapies, such as IFN- γ blocking antibodies or ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, are promising but only partially effective at controlling disease.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 13, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jos ée-Anne Joly, Alexis Vallée, Benoîte Bourdin, Sara Bourbonnais, Natalie Patey, Louis Gaboury, Yves Théorêt, Hélène Decaluwe Source Type: research

Single-cell studies offer new view of how HIV infections persist —and might be cured
This microscopic device is one of three that together separate out individual HIV-infected immune cells from blood samples and trap their genetic contents in droplets for analysis. Iain Clark and Adam Abate Curing HIV infections remains one of the most formidable challenges in biomedicine, in part because cells that hold the viral DNA in their chromosomes persist in the face of powerful drugs and immune responses. A research team has now, for the first time, isolated single cells from these stubborn viral reservoirs and characterized their gene activity, suggesting potential new cure strategies. ...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 3, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news