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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases

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Total 32128 results found since Jan 2013.

Spanish bat study shines new light on spread of coronavirus
This article appeared in Guardian Weekly, which incorporates material from Le MondeMedical researchAnimal behaviourWildlifeMicrobiologyAnimalsInfectious diseasesHealthPaul Benkimountheguardian.com © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - September 17, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Paul Benkimoun Tags: World news Infectious diseases Health Medical research Microbiology Animals Editorial Animal behaviour Guardian Weekly Environment Science Wildlife Source Type: news

Automatic diagnosis of malaria based on complete circle–ellipse fitting search algorithm
This study presents an automatic method for malaria diagnosis from thin blood smears. According to this fact that malaria life cycle is started by forming a ring around the parasite nucleus, the proposed approach is mainly based on curve fitting to detect parasite ring in the blood smear. The method is composed of six main phases: stain object extraction step, which extracts candidate objects that may be infected by malaria parasites. This phase includes stained pixel extraction step based on intensity and colour, and stained object segmentation by defining stained circle matching. Second step is preprocessing phase which ...
Source: Journal of Microscopy - September 19, 2013 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: M. SHEIKHHOSSEINI, H. RABBANI, M. ZEKRI, A. TALEBI Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Exploring apposite therapeutic target for apoptosis in filarial parasite: A plausible hypothesis
Abstract: Human lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease with profound socioeconomic encumbrance owing to its associated disability, affecting predominantly but not limited to the developing nations of tropics and subtropics. There are several technical issues like poor therapeutic and preventive repertoire as well as administrative and infrastructural limitations which jeopardize the salvage measures and further complicate the plight. Therefore, considering the gravity of the problem, WHO has mandated (under tropical disease research scheme) for placing emphasis on validation of novel therapeutic targets against this d...
Source: Medical Hypotheses - January 27, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sneha Hande, Kalyan Goswami, Lingaraj Jena, Maryada Venkata Rami Reddy Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Killed Leishmania donovani antigen along with different adjuvants against experimental visceral leishmaniasis
Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani is a life-threatening disease involving uncontrolled parasitization of vital organs. Drugs to treat leishmaniasis have one or more limitations or insufficiencies in the long run. A safe and efficacious vaccine to control this disease is needed. Killed antigens that could be safer as vaccines have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials. Immunogenic enhancement with appropriate adjuvants may thus be required to elicit protective immunity based on antibodies and effector T-cell functions. Therefore, it is essential to search for adjuvant to enhance...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - November 29, 2014 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Antimalarial properties of SAABMAL (®) : an ethnomedicinal polyherbal formulation for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria infection in the tropics.
CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study showed the efficacy of SAABMAL ® , a herbal antimalarial formulation against chloroquine sensitive malaria and its potential use in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria infection. Further studies need to be done in humans to test its efficacy and safety for its potential use as an antimalarial drug. PMID: 25900958 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - February 1, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Obidike IC, Amodu B, Emeje MO Tags: Indian J Med Res Source Type: research

Rotation of male genitalia in various species of phlebotomine sandfly
Abstract Phlebotomine sandflies, vectors of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites that affect millions of people worldwide, breed in terrestrial biotopes. As immature stages are rarely accessible, the detection of their natural breeding sites is primarily based on findings of juvenile males with unrotated external genitalia. In males, permanent 180° rotation on the longitudinal body axis occurs soon after eclosion; however, no study has as yet addressed this aspect in detail. The present study describes the timing and duration of the rotation of male external genitalia in eight highly medically important...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - June 1, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. VOTÝPKA, M. PAVLASOVA, V. VOLFOVA, P. VOLF Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Cryptosporidium within-host genetic diversity: systematic bibliographical search and narrative overview.
Abstract Knowledge of the within-host genetic diversity of a pathogen often has broad implications for disease management. Cryptosporidium protozoan parasites are among the most common causative agents of infectious diarrhoea. Current limitations of in vitro culture impose the use of uncultured isolates obtained directly from the hosts as operational units of Cryptosporidium genotyping. As the validity of this practice is centred on the assumption of genetic homogeneity of the parasite within the host, genetic studies often take little account of the within-host genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium. Yet, theory an...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - March 24, 2016 Category: Parasitology Authors: Grinberg A, Widmer G Tags: Int J Parasitol Source Type: research

Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in the Adult Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae)
This study was conducted to determine pyrethroid resistance mechanisms and the biological, physiological, and molecular impacts of resistance in Ph. papatasi, and to compare their resistance mechanisms against those reported for mosquitoes and other intensely studied dipterans. Field-collected Ph. papatasi from Aswan, Egypt, were subjected to sublethal doses of permethrin and reared as a resistant strain under laboratory conditions through 16 generations. Biological parameter observations of resistant Ph. papatasi revealed an association of resistance with productivity cost. Physiological analysis revealed that concentrati...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Fawaz, E. Y., Zayed, A. B., Fahmy, N. T., Villinski, J. T., Hoel, D. F., Diclaro, J. W. Tags: Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Source Type: research

Thio- and semicarbazones: Hope in the search for treatment of Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.
CONCLUSION: Because of the efficiency and selectivity that some of these derivatives have shown, it can be concluded that thio-and semicarbazones constitute promising chemical scaffolds in the search for new anti-parasitic agents. PMID: 27629824 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Medicinal Chemistry - September 8, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: da Silva BV, Silva BN Tags: Med Chem Source Type: research

An overview of the recent findings in the cultivation of Leishmania
The cultivation of parasites of the genus Leishmania has been a subject of much interest due to the necessity of performing biochemical and immunological studies with isolated parasites in an effort to develop future therapeutic and preventive tools. Foetal calf serum (FCS) as the main part of Leishmania spp. cultivation media is highly expensive, and reliable supply of it is very difficult to obtain. Here, we take an overview of the new replacements for FCS in the cultivation process of Leishmania spp. and probability of optimizing them for parasites culture procedure. A precise review was conducted based on the database ...
Source: Reviews in Medical Microbiology - December 24, 2016 Category: Microbiology Tags: Parasitology Source Type: research

Leishmania donovani chaperonin 10 regulates parasite internalization and intracellular survival in human macrophages
AbstractProtozoa of the genusLeishmania infect macrophages in their mammalian hosts causing a spectrum of diseases known as the leishmaniases. The search for leishmania effectors that support macrophage infection is a focus of significant interest. One such candidate is leishmania chaperonin 10 (CPN10) which is secreted in exosomes and may have immunosuppressive properties. Here, we report for the first time that leishmania CPN10 localizes to the cytosol of infected macrophages. Next, we generated two genetically modified strains ofLeishmania donovani (Ld): one strain overexpressing CPN10 (CPN10+++) and the second, a CPN10...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - March 10, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Pyrimidine Metabolism in Schistosomes: A comparison with Other Parasites and the Search for Potential Chemotherapeutic Targets.
Abstract Schistosomes are responsible for the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, an acute and chronic parasitic ailment that affects more than 240 million people in 70 countries worldwide. It is the second most devastating parasitic disease after malaria. At least 200,000 deaths per year are associated with the disease. In the absence of the availability of vaccines, chemotherapy is the main stay for combating schistosomiasis. The antischistosomal arsenal is currently limited to a single drug, Praziquantel, which is quite effective with a single-day treatment and virtually no host-toxicity. Recently, however, the ...
Source: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry and molecular biology. - July 20, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: El Kouni MH Tags: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol Source Type: research

Crystal structures of nematode (parasitic T. spiralis and free living C. elegans), compared to mammalian, thymidylate synthases (TS). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in search for nematode-specific inhibitors of TS
Publication date: October 2017 Source:Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, Volume 77 Author(s): Adam Jarmuła, Piotr Wilk, Piotr Maj, Jan Ludwiczak, Anna Dowierciał, Katarzyna Banaszak, Wojciech Rypniewski, Joanna Cieśla, Magdalena Dąbrowska, Tomasz Frączyk, Agnieszka K. Bronowska, Jakub Jakowiecki, Sławomir Filipek, Wojciech Rode Three crystal structures are presented of nematode thymidylate synthases (TS), including Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce) enzyme without ligands and its ternary complex with dUMP and Raltitrexed, and binary complex of Trichinella spiralis (Ts) enzyme with dUMP. In search of differences p...
Source: Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling - August 19, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Blastocystis subtypes and their association with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Blastocystis spp. is a common intestinal protozoan that affects humans and animals. The role of this parasite as a pathogen is still controversial and it is suspected to be linked to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic or recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered intestinal habits. A broad search in electronic databases, libraries, portals of journals, etc. for reports on the association between the parasite and IBS without language restriction was performed.
Source: Medical Hypotheses - April 13, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Susana Cifre, M ónica Gozalbo, Vicente Ortiz, José M. Soriano, J. Francisco Merino, María Trelis Source Type: research