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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS
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Total 1364 results found since Jan 2013.
East Africa: Researchers Burn the Midnight Oil to Develop HIV Vaccine
[East African] Scientists have spent three decades in labs looking for a HIV cure in vain. The Director of the Vaccine Research Programme at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Mary Marovich, spoke to Christabel Ligami on prospects.
Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs - December 22, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news
Low to moderate quality evidence demonstrates the potential benefits and adverse events of cannabinoids for certain medical indications
Commentary on: Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al.. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2015;313:2456–73. Context As of September 2015, 23 states and the District of Columbia in the USA legalised the medicinal use of marijuana, underscoring the need for physicians to understand the science underlying medical marijuana as well as the practical issues associated with it. For years policymakers, scientists and physicians alike have debated the potential risks associated with marijuana use.1 Now marijuana's utility as a treatment for certain medical indications has taken focus....
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Hill, K. P., Hurley-Welljams-Dorof, W. M. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Clinical trials (epidemiology), General practice / family medicine, Genetics, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Pain (neurology), Sleep disorders (neurology), Stroke, Ophthalmolo Source Type: research
Initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with >500 CD4 cells/{micro}L provides more benefit than delaying treatment
Commentary on: The INSIGHT START Study Group. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. N Engl J Med 2015;373:795–807. Context It is clear that the successful treatment of HIV infection requires that patients be diagnosed, be engaged in regular care and receive and adhere to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). When to start ART has been less clear. WHO guidelines have evolved over time from reserving therapy for the most immunocompromised in September 2015 treating all patients with HIV infection.1 Two large well-conducted randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the Strategic Timing o...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Rutherford, G. W., Anglemyer, A. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Clinical trials (epidemiology), Time-to-event methods, Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS Therapeutics/Prevention Source Type: research
Should pregnant women with unknown HIV status be offered rapid HIV testing in labour?
Scenario A primiparous woman from Central Africa presents to a maternity unit in Scotland for a booking appointment at 38 weeks’ gestation. She agrees to antenatal testing and routine bloods, including HIV serology. Urgent testing is not requested. The woman presents again in established labour 72 h later and delivers a healthy infant vaginally. In the absence of a positive result in the maternal notes, HIV serology is assumed to be negative. Mother and infant are discharged on day 2 of life, mixed breastfeeding (ie, breast milk and formula milk). A positive maternal HIV result is reported to the paediatric...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition - December 14, 2015 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Downie, J., Mactier, H., Bland, R. M. Tags: Obstetrics and gynaecology, Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Childhood nutrition, Pregnancy, Reproductive medicine, Child health, Infant health, Infant nutrition (including breastfeeding), Sexual Source Type: research
U.S. Scientists Are Starting From Ground Zero With The Zika Vaccine
As the research community gears up to address Zika virus, one common question has been why, if we’ve known about Zika since 1947, are we only starting these efforts in 2016? As Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, admitted, the disease is uncharted territory. "We, prior to this time, have really not spent anything on Zika,” he said during a press conference Thursday. Currently, there is no cure and no vaccine for the disease, and diagnosing the disease takes up to two weeks in specialized labs. To ramp up research on the Zika virus threat, the...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - January 29, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus for Use as a Subunit Vaccine
The invention, a stabilized recombinant prefusion F protein (pre F), is a candidate subunit vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Pre-F is stabilized in the prefusion conformation and displays epitopes not present in postfusion F protein. Several potent RSV neutralizing antibodies bind pre F, but not postfusion F. Therefore, immunization with pre F may elicit an immune response superior to the response generated by postfusion F.
NIH researchers have engineered pre F to expose an antigenic site 0, which is targeted by extremely potent RSV neutralizing antibodies. Structure-based design yielded several stabilized va...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - January 16, 2014 Category: Research Authors: admin Source Type: research
Beyond Zika: The terrifying map of things that keep NIH’s infectious diseases director up at night
For infectious disease experts, the most terrifying aspect of their job is the unpredictability of emerging infectious diseases. When Anthony Fauci first took the job as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in 1984, there was only one that dominated everyone's minds and that was HIV/AIDS. No one knew exactly how […]
Source: Washington Post: To Your Health - February 12, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Ariana Eunjung Cha Tags: zika Infectious Diseases magnet-zika Biomedical research Source Type: news
Characteristics of admissions and variations in the use of basic investigations, treatments and outcomes in Kenyan hospitals within a new Clinical Information Network
Conclusion
Developing clinical networks is feasible with appropriate support. Early data demonstrate that hospital mortality remains high in Kenya, that resources to investigate severe illness are limited, that care provided and outcomes vary widely and that adoption of effective interventions remains slow. Findings suggest considerable scope for improving care within and across sites.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - February 18, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ayieko, P., Ogero, M., Makone, B., Julius, T., Mbevi, G., Nyachiro, W., Nyamai, R., Were, F., Githanga, D., Irimu, G., English, M., on behalf of the Clinical Information Network authors, on behalf of the Clinical Information Network authors, Tuti, Gathara Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Open access, Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, Meningitis, Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Infection (ne Source Type: research
23 years of toxicology testing fatally injured pilots: Implications for aviation and other modes of transportation
This study used the results from these tests to assess drug use in aviation. Methods Using matched data from the FAA’s Civil Aerospace Medical Institute toxicology database and the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB’s) aviation accident database, this study examined trends in the prevalence of over-the-counter, prescription, and illicit drugs identified in toxicology tests of fatally injured pilots between 1990 and 2012. Cases that failed to match or where toxicology testing had not been performed were excluded. Pilots identified by the NTSB investigation as being the “flying pilot” at the time of the ...
Source: Accident Analysis and Prevention - February 28, 2016 Category: Accident Prevention Source Type: research
Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Conclusions
Patterns of disease are changing rapidly in LMICs. Pollution-related chronic diseases are becoming more common. This shift presents a particular problem for children, who are proportionately more heavily exposed than are adults to environmental pollutants and for whom these exposures are especially dangerous. Better quantification of environmental exposures and stepped-up efforts to understand how to prevent exposures that cause disease are needed in LMICs and around the globe.
To confront the global problem of disease caused by pollution, improved programs of public health monitoring and environmental protecti...
Source: EHP Research - March 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Brief Communication March 2016 Source Type: research
23 years of toxicology testing fatally injured pilots: Implications for aviation and other modes of transportation.
This study used the results from these tests to assess drug use in aviation.
METHODS: Using matched data from the FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute toxicology database and the National Transportation Safety Board's (NTSB's) aviation accident database, this study examined trends in the prevalence of over-the-counter, prescription, and illicit drugs identified in toxicology tests of fatally injured pilots between 1990 and 2012. Cases that failed to match or where toxicology testing had not been performed were excluded. Pilots identified by the NTSB investigation as being the "flying pilot" at the time of the accid...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - February 26, 2016 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: McKay MP, Groff L Tags: Accid Anal Prev Source Type: research
Researchers Unravel Pathways of Potent Antibodies that Fight HIV Infection
Contact: Sarah Avery Phone: 919-660-1306 Email: sarah.avery@duke.edu https://www.dukehealth.org
EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE until 12 p.m. noon (ET) on Thursday, March 3, 2016
DURHAM, N.C. – One of the most crucial and elusive goals of an effective HIV vaccine is to stimulate antibodies that can attack the virus even as it relentlessly mutates.
Now a research team, led by investigators at the Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), has tracked rare potent antibodies in an HIV-infected individual and determined sequential structures that p...
Source: DukeHealth.org: Duke Health Features - March 5, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Duke Medicine Source Type: news
Primary immunodeficiency association with systemic lupus erythematosus: review of literature and lessons learned by the Rheumatology Division of a tertiary university hospital at São Paulo, Brazil
Resumo As imunodeficiências primárias (IDP) representam um grupo heterogêneo de doenças resultantes de defeitos hereditários no desenvolvimento, na maturação e na função normal de células do sistema imunológico; assim, tornam os indivíduos suscetíveis a infecções recorrentes, alergia, autoimunidade e doenças malignas. Neste estudo retrospectivo descrevem-se doenças autoimunes (DAI), em especial o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), que surgiram associadas ao curso das IDP. Classicamente, a literatura descreve três grupos de IDP associadas ao LES: (1) deficiência de componentes da via do complemento, (2)...
Source: Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia - March 5, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
VIDEO: Expert – Skin signs to watch for in HIV patients
WASHINGTON – While the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy in the United States has markedly reduced the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations of HIV and AIDS, dermatologists still may see patients who present with cutaneous manifestations of undiagnosed infections, including aggressive human...
Source: Skin and Allergy News - March 5, 2016 Category: Dermatology Source Type: news
Empirical tuberculosis therapy versus isoniazid in adult outpatients with advanced HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (REMEMBER): a multicountry open-label randomised controlled trial
Publication date: 19–25 March 2016 Source:The Lancet, Volume 387, Issue 10024 Author(s): Mina C Hosseinipour, Gregory P Bisson, Sachiko Miyahara, Xin Sun, Agnes Moses, Cynthia Riviere, Fredrick K Kirui, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, David Lagat, Mulinda Nyirenda, Kogieleum Naidoo, James Hakim, Peter Mugyenyi, German Henostroza, Paul D Leger, Javier R Lama, Lerato Mohapi, Jorge Alave, Vidya Mave, Valdilea G Veloso, Sandy Pillay, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Jing Bao, Evelyn Hogg, Lynne Jones, Andrew Zolopa, Johnstone Kumwenda, Amita Gupta Background Mortality within the first 6 months after initiating...
Source: The Lancet - March 18, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research
