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Condition: Schizophrenia

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Total 422 results found since Jan 2013.

Secondhand smoke linked to dementia
Conclusion Secondhand or passive smoking is known to be detrimental to health and has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, it is not yet certain whether it is linked to dementia. Though this large study finds a significant link between secondhand smoke exposure and severe dementia syndromes there are several important limitations to be aware of. Problems with measuring dementia diagnoses The method for diagnosis of dementia used by this study was unusual. Though the researchers assessed each individual using a mental state examination, they went on to diagnose them using a com...
Source: NHS News Feed - January 11, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Neurology Source Type: news

Psychiatric remission with warfarin: Should psychosis be addressed as plasminogen activator imbalance?
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that normalization of plasminogen activator levels in the brain may induce long-term remission of psychotic symptoms. Randomized controlled studies may help clarify the role of anticoagulation in the treatment of psychosis.
Source: Medical Hypotheses - December 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Silvia Hoirisch-Clapauch, Antonio E. Nardi Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Torsades de Pointes After Administration of Low-Dose Aripiprazole (February).
CONCLUSIONS:Five days of low-dose aripiprazole therapy was associated with the development of TdP in a man with minimal risk factors. Clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse drug event with aripiprazole. PMID: 23362038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - January 29, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nelson S, Leung JG Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Effects of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone to aripiprazole on 10-year coronary heart disease risk and metabolic syndrome status: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Conclusion: Switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole was associated with larger reductions in predicted 10-year risk of CHD than the behavioral program alone. The advantage of switching on metabolic syndrome was not statistically significant. The benefits of switching must be balanced against its risks, which in this study included more discontinuations of the study treatment but no significant increase in symptoms or hospitalizations.
Source: Schizophrenia Research - February 25, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: T. Scott Stroup, Matthew J. Byerly, Henry A. Nasrallah, Neepa Ray, Ahsan Y. Khan, J. Steven Lamberti, Ira D. Glick, Richard M. Steinbook, Joseph P. McEvoy, Robert M. Hamer Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Increased risk of pemphigoid following scabies: a population‐based matched‐cohort study
ConclusionsThis study detected an increased risk for pemphigoid among patients suffering from scabies. Physicians treating elderly patients with a history of scabies should be alert to the development of pemphigoid.
Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology - March 18, 2013 Category: Dermatology Authors: S.‐D. Chung, H.‐C. Lin, K.‐H. Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

PPARs for Brain Disorders.
Abstract As is the case for any organ of the human body, the activity of the brain is continually kept in balance by precise hemostatic systems that modulate the main cellular metabolic pathways through complex multigenic regulatory programs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, which make them ligand-activated regulators of gene transcription [1]. There are currently three known subtypes of PPARs: PPARα, PPARβ (also described as PPARβ/δ or PPARδ) and PPARγ [2]. PPARs play fundamental roles in the regulation of key cell functions, including metab...
Source: Current Drug Targets - April 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rolland B, Bordet R Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research

The metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 induces anxiety-like behavior at the highest dose tested in two rat models of anxiety.
Abstract The activation of Group II metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors reduces the excessive glutamate release that is hypothesized to be associated with neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. LY379268 is a highly potent mGlu2/3 receptor agonist that has shown efficacy in several animal models of stroke, epilepsy, drug abuse, schizophrenia, and pain. The present study investigated the effects of LY379268 on anxiety-like behavior in rats assessed in the light/dark and open field tests. The effects of LY379268 on motility in a locomotor activity chamber were also investigated in rats. Administratio...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - June 11, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Grivas V, Markou A, Pitsikas N Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Cognitive remediation as a treatment for major depression: A rationale, review of evidence and recommendations for future research.
Conclusions:Further research is required in carefully selected populations, using well-defined CR techniques and some form of comparator treatment. PMID: 23956342 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry - August 16, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Porter RJ, Bowie CR, Jordan J, Malhi GS Tags: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Source Type: research

P 194. The EEG correlates of the TMS induced EMG silent period in humans
Application of magnetic or electrical stimulation to the motor cortex can result in a period of electromyography (EMG) silence in a tonically active peripheral muscle. This period of EMG silence is referred to as the silent period (SP). The duration of SP shows intersubject variability and reflects the integrity of the cortical and corticospinal pathways. A non-invasive technique for assessing the duration of SP is the combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with EMG. Utilizing TMS-EMG, several studies have reported on the shortening or lengthening of SP in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, b...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Farzan, M.S. Barr, S. Hoppenbrouwers, P.B. Fitzgerald, R. Chen, A. Pascual-Leone, Z.J. Daskalakis Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

White Matter Changes in Patients with Friedreich Ataxia after Treatment with Erythropoietin
CONCLUSIONSTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first DTI study to investigate the effects of EPO in a neurodegenerative disease. Anatomically, the diffusivity changes appear disease unspecific, and their biological underpinnings deserve further study.
Source: Journal of Neuroimaging - September 9, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Karl Egger, Christian Clemm Hohenberg, Michael F. Schocke, Charles R.G. Guttmann, Demian Wassermann, Marlene C. Wigand, Wolfgang Nachbauer, Christian Kremser, Brigitte Sturm, Barbara Scheiber‐Mojdehkar, Marek Kubicki, Martha E. Shenton, Sylvia Boesch Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

P 194. The EEG correlates of the TMS induced EMG silent period in humans
Application of magnetic or electrical stimulation to the motor cortex can result in a period of electromyography (EMG) silence in a tonically active peripheral muscle. This period of EMG silence is referred to as the silent period (SP). The duration of SP shows intersubject variability and reflects the integrity of the cortical and corticospinal pathways. A non-invasive technique for assessing the duration of SP is the combination of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) with EMG. Utilizing TMS-EMG, several studies have reported on the shortening or lengthening of SP in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, b...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: F. Farzan, M.S. Barr, S. Hoppenbrouwers, P.B. Fitzgerald, R. Chen, A. Pascual-Leone, Z.J. Daskalakis Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

New insight into body representation brain disorders provided by sensory illusion
People can be easily tricked into believing an artificial finger is their own, shows a study published in The Journal of Physiology. The results reveal that the brain does not require multiple signals to build a picture body ownership, as this is the first time the illusion has been created using sensory inputs from the muscle alone. The discovery provides new insight into clinical conditions where body representation in the brain is disrupted due to changes in the central or peripheral nervous systems e.g. stroke, schizophrenia and phantom limb syndrome following amputation...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - September 24, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Psychology / Psychiatry Source Type: news

Forget the headlines – schizophrenia is more common than you might think
Schizophrenia isn't a specific, rare or rigorously defined illness. Instead, it covers a wide range of often unrelated conditions, all of which are also seen in people who are not mentally illWhich illness frightens you most? Cancer? Stroke? Dementia? To judge from tabloid coverage, the condition we should really fear isn't physical at all. "Scared of mum's schizophrenic attacks", "Knife-wielding schizophrenic woman in court", "Schizo stranger killed dad", "Rachel murder: schizo accused", and"My schizophrenic son says he'll kill… but he's escaped from secure hospitals 7 times" are just a few of dozens of similar headline...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - November 15, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Daniel Freeman, Jason Freeman Tags: Psychology theguardian.com Schizophrenia Mental health Society Neuroscience Features Source Type: news

The development of delusion revisited: A transdiagnostic framework
This study proposes a transdiagnostic framework for delusion development, analysing psychiatric (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder) and neurological disorders (stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases) in which delusions are predominant. Our aim is to identify a transdiagnostic core of neural and cognitive alterations associated with delusions across distinct clinical disorders. Reviewed empirical evidence suggests delusions are associated: on the neural level with changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) networks, and on the neuropsychological level with dysfunction in the processes (ge...
Source: Psychiatry Research - August 26, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Michele Poletti, Fabio Sambataro Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Environmental enrichment and brain repair: Harnessing the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity to enhance experience‐dependent plasticity
Abstract Environmental enrichment (EE) increases levels of novelty and complexity, inducing enhanced sensory, cognitive and motor stimulation. In wild‐type rodents, EE has been found to have a range of effects, such as enhancing experience‐dependent cellular plasticity and cognitive performance, relative to standard‐housed controls. Whilst environmental enrichment is of course a relative term, dependent on the nature of control environmental conditions, epidemiological studies suggest that EE has direct clinical relevance to a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. EE has been demonstrated to induce benefic...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - December 3, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Anthony J. Hannan Tags: Special Issue Source Type: research