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Total 310 results found since Jan 2013.

Clinical and Neuroimaging Features in Two Children with Mutations in the Mitochondrial ND5 Gene
This study reports the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in two pediatric patients with mutations in the ND5 gene of mitochondrial DNA. The 8-month-old boy with m.13513 G > A mutation presented with infantile basal ganglia stroke syndrome secondary to mineralizing angiopathy. The 7-year-old girl with the m.13514A > G mutation had episodic regression, progressive ataxia, optic atrophy, and hyperactivity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical signal intensity changes in the thalamus, tectal plate, and inferior olivary nucleus, which subsided on follow-up image. Both...
Source: Neuropediatrics - May 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Sonam, KothariBindu, P. S.Taly, Arun B.Govindaraju, ChikkannaGayathri, NarayanappaArvinda, Hanumanthapura R.Nagappa, MadhuSinha, SanjibKhan, Nahid AktharGovindaraj, PeriyasamyThangaraj, Kumarasamy Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

Brief Report: Forecasting the Economic Burden of Autism in 2015 and 2025 in the United States.
Abstract Few US estimates of the economic burden of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are available and none provide estimates for 2015 and 2025. We forecast annual direct medical, direct non-medical, and productivity costs combined will be $268 billion (range $162-$367 billion; 0.884-2.009 % of GDP) for 2015 and $461 billion (range $276-$1011 billion; 0.982-3.600 % of GDP) for 2025. These 2015 figures are on a par with recent estimates for diabetes and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and exceed the costs of stroke and hypertension. If the prevalence of ASD continues to grow as it has in recent...
Source: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - July 17, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leigh JP, Du J Tags: J Autism Dev Disord Source Type: research

A Novel Noninvasive Device to Assess Sympathetic Nervous System Function in Patients With Heart Failure
Discussion: Although the VU-AMS version 5fs system detected anticipated hemodynamic and sympathetic nervous system changes to postural shift in participants (n = 10), the elimination of 64% (n = 18) of the sample because of scoring difficulties limits the use of this impedance cardiography device using standard scoring algorithms in persons with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Source: Nursing Research - September 1, 2015 Category: Nursing Tags: Feature Articles Source Type: research

Rhynchophylline Protects Against the Amyloid β-Induced Increase of Spontaneous Discharges in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of Rats.
Abstract Accumulated soluble amyloid β (Aβ)-induced aberrant neuronal network activity has been recognized as a key causative factor leading to cognitive deficits which are the most outstanding characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As an important structure associated with learning and memory, the hippocampus is one of the brain regions that are impaired very early in AD, and the hippocampal CA1 region is selectively vulnerable to soluble Aβ oligomers. Our recent study showed that soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers induced hyperactivity and perturbed the firing patterns in hippocampal neurons. Rhynchophylline (RIN...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shao H, Mi Z, Ji WG, Zhang CH, Zhang T, Ren SC, Zhu ZR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Study in mice shows how brain ignores distractions
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of mice, scientists discovered that a brain region called the thalamus may be critical for filtering out distractions. The study, published in Nature and partially funded by the National Institutes of Health, paves the way to understanding how defects in the thalamus might underlie symptoms seen in patients with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: Level of evidence in mental and brain disorders and suggestions for good clinical practice
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2015 Source:Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology Author(s): J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi, A. McGonigal, R. Lopez, C. Daudet, I. Kotwas, F. Bartolomei The technique of electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG NF) emerged in the 1970s and is a technique that measures a subject's EEG signal, processes it in real time, extracts a parameter of interest and presents this information in visual or auditory form. The goal is to effectuate a behavioural modification by modulating brain activity. The EEG NF opens new therapeutic possibilities in the fields of psychiat...
Source: Neurophysiologie Clinique - November 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neuroimmune Crosstalk in CNS Disorders: The Histamine Connection.
Abstract The neuroimmune system represents a dense network of biochemical signals associated with neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors synthesized in neurons, glial cells and immune cells, to maintain systemic homeostasis. Endogenous and/or exogenous, noxious stimuli in any tissue are captured by sensor cells to inform the brain; likewise, signals originating at the central nervous system (CNS) level are transmitted to peripheral immune effectors which react to central stimuli. This multidirectional information system makes it possible for the CNS to respond to...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - December 9, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Fernández-Novoa L, Aliev G Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Activation of microglia within paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus is NOT involved in maintenance of established hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: Activated microglia with morphological alteration within PVN are not involved in the maintenance of established severe hypertension, and inflammation within PVN could not be the therapeutic target of established hypertension. PMID: 26874752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Cardiology - February 10, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Takesue K, Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Sunagawa K Tags: J Cardiol Source Type: research

A Quantitative Summary of The Listening Program (TLP) Efficacy Studies: What Areas Were Found to Improve by TLP Intervention?
Abstract A quantitative summary of existing research examining the effects of The Listening Program (TLP) on various functions in children is presented. Nine studies were used, looking at TLP intervention effects across studies, within each study and for various outcome measures. The studies looked at TLP intervention on children with autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, learning disabilities, auditory processing disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, Rhett syndrome, dyspraxia, cerebral palsy, fibromyalgia, arthritis and stroke. The magnitude of the TLP effect size revealed a mean value of 0.41 across al...
Source: Occupational Therapy International - February 17, 2016 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Sadako Vargas, Jay R. Lucker Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

A Tale of the Good and Bad: Remodeling of the Microtubule Network in the Brain by Cdk5
Abstract Cdk5, a cyclin-dependent kinase family member, is a global orchestrator of neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics. During embryogenesis, Cdk5 is indispensable for brain development. In adults, it is essential for numerous neuronal processes, including higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation, drug addiction, pain signaling, and long-term behavior changes through long-term potentiation and long-term depression, all of which rely on rapid alterations in the cytoskeleton. Cdk5 activity becomes deregulated in various brain disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Hunt...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Motor cortex stimulation for movement disorders.
Authors: Cioni B, Tufo T, Bentivoglio A, Trevisi G, Piano C Abstract Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) was introduced by Tsubokawa in 19911 for the treatment of thalamic pain on the basis of the observation that hyperactivity of thalamic neurons after spino-thalamic tractotomy was inhibited by stimulation of the motor cortex. MCS has been reported to be effective not only on pain, but also to improve movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, tremor, dystonia, post-stroke movement disorders and hemiparesis. Most of these publications are case reports or small series, and the real impact of MCS on movement disorde...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences - March 16, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: J Neurosurg Sci Source Type: research

Identification of ADHD in Youth with Epilepsy (P3.257)
Conclusion. Inclusion of behavior rating scales as part of routine care in neurology clinics may be the most efficient and cost effective way to identify ADHD in youth with epilepsy.Disclosure: Dr. Kral has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lally has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boan has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kral, M., Lally, M., Boan, A. Tags: Child Neurology and Developmental Neurology: Epilepsy, Hypoxia, and Stroke Source Type: research

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECT) (P3.258)
Conclusion: ADHD is a common comorbidity in children with BECT.Patient with BECT should be routinely screened for ADHD. Applying scale like Vanderbilt scale for assessing the presence of ADHD in BECT patients is a good initial screening scale followed by proper psychiatric evaluation. Disclosure: Dr. Bashiri has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Bashiri, F. Tags: Child Neurology and Developmental Neurology: Epilepsy, Hypoxia, and Stroke Source Type: research

Alterations in plasma membrane promote overexpression and increase of sodium influx through epithelial sodium channel in hypertensive platelets
Publication date: August 2016 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Volume 1858, Issue 8 Author(s): D. Cerecedo, Ivette Martínez-Vieyra, Alejandro Sosa-Peinado, Jorge Cornejo-Garrido, Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo, Claudia Benítez-Cardoza Platelets are small, anucleated cell fragments that activate in response to a wide variety of stimuli, triggering a complex series of intracellular pathways leading to a hemostatic thrombus formation at vascular injury sites. However, in essential hypertension, platelet activation contributes to causing myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Reported abnormalit...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembranes - May 21, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research