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Mental Health and Quality of Life in Pulmonary Embolism: A Literature Review
Adv Respir Med. 2023 Apr 20;91(2):174-184. doi: 10.3390/arm91020015.ABSTRACTPulmonary embolismis an acute disease with chronic complications and, although it is not considered a chronic disease, it requires close follow-up. The scope of the present literature review is to decode the existing data concerning quality of life and the mental health impact of PE during the acute and long-term phases of the disease. The majority of studies reported impaired quality of life in patients with PE when compared to population norms, both in the acute phase and >3 months after PE. Quality of life improves over time, irrespectively o...
Source: Adv Data - April 27, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Niki Gkena Paraskevi Kirgou Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis Foteini Malli Source Type: research

Vital Signs: Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention - 25 States, 2015-2017.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Efforts that prevent adverse childhood experiences could also potentially prevent adult chronic conditions, depression, health risk behaviors, and negative socioeconomic outcomes. States can use comprehensive public health approaches derived from the best available evidence to prevent childhood adversity before it begins. By creating the conditions for healthy communities and focusing on primary prevention, it is possible to reduce risk for adverse childhood experiences while also mitigating consequences for those already affected by these experiences. PMID: 316...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 7, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Merrick MT, Ford DC, Ports KA, Guinn AS, Chen J, Klevens J, Metzler M, Jones CM, Simon TR, Daniel VM, Ottley P, Mercy JA Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Dental status is Associated with Incident Functional Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching.
CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective cohort study targeting community-dwelling older adults in Japan, less than 20 teeth was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for functional disability even after conducting propensity score matching. This study supports previous publications showing that oral health is associated with functional disability. PMID: 30686817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - January 29, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Multimorbidity and Comorbidity are now separate MESH headings
Nicholson et  al. in a commentary point out that confusion continues within clinical epidemiology articles and elsewhere as to how to reliably distinguish between ‘comorbidity’ and ‘multimorbidity’. Although differentiated in a paper by van der Akker (AK was an author) [1], only now in January 2018 has MeSH designated definitions and a different classification term for multimorbidity, distinct from comorbidity. Nicholson et al. re-emphasize that this is more than a semantic difference. While both terms focus on the occurrence of multiple chronic conditions within the same individual, the term ‘ ‘comorbidityâ€...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - December 4, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Peter Tugwell, J. Andr é Knottnerus Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Prolonged Leisure-Time Spent Sitting in Relation to Cause-specific Mortality in a Large U.S. Cohort.
Abstract The majority of leisure-time is spent in sedentary behaviors such as television viewing. Studies have documented that prolonged leisure-time sitting is associated with higher risk of total, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and "all other causes" of mortality, but few have examined the "other" causes of death in detail. To examine associations of leisure-time sitting with risk of specific causes of death, data were analyzed from the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective U.S. cohort including 127,554 men and women who were free of major chronic disease at study entry and among whom 48,784 died during 21 yea...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - June 26, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Patel AV, Maliniak ML, Rees-Punia E, Matthews CE, Gapstur SM Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study
AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the 2015 food-based Dutch dietary guidelines, which were formulated based on evidence on the relation between diet and major chronic diseases. We studied 9701 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort in individuals aged 45  years and over [median 64.1 years (95%-range 49.0–82.8)]. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a food-frequency questionnaire. For all participants, we examined adherence (yes/no) to fourteen items of the guidelines: vegetables (≥200 g/day), fruit (≥200 g/day), whole-grains (≥90  g/day), legumes...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 19, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Trends in educational inequalities in premature mortality in Belgium between the 1990s and the 2000s: the contribution of specific causes of deaths
Conclusion Absolute inequalities decreased in men while increasing in women; relative inequalities increased in both sexes. The PAFs decomposition revealed that targeting mortality inequalities from lung cancer, IHD, COPD in both sexes, suicide in men and stroke in women would have the largest impact at population level.
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - March 6, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Renard, F., Gadeyne, S., Devleesschauwer, B., Tafforeau, J., Deboosere, P. Tags: Epidemiologic studies, Mortality and morbidity, Suicide (psychiatry), Health service research, Suicide (public health) Research reports Source Type: research

Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Growing evidence has linked positive psychological attributes like optimism to a lower risk of poor health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated in randomized trials that optimism can be learned. If associations between optimism and broader health outcomes are established, it may lead to novel interventions that improve public health and longevity. In the present study, we evaluated the association between optimism and cause-specific mortality in women after considering the role of potential confounding (soc...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - January 3, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Optimism and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Abstract Growing evidence has linked positive psychological attributes like optimism to a lower risk of poor health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated in randomized trials that optimism can be learned. If associations between optimism and broader health outcomes are established, it may lead to novel interventions that improve public health and longevity. In the present study, we evaluated the association between optimism and cause-specific mortality in women after considering the role of potential confounding (sociodemographic characteristics, depression) and intermediary (health...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - December 6, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Kim ES, Hagan KA, Grodstein F, DeMeo DL, De Vivo I, Kubzansky LD Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Surveillance for Certain Health Behaviors, Chronic Diseases, and Conditions, Access to Health Care, and Use of Preventive Health Services Among States and Selected Local Areas
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2012.
This report presents results for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, participating U.S. territories that include the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico) and Guam, 187 Metropolitan/Micropolitan Statistical Areas (MMSAs), and 210 counties (n = 475,687 survey respondents) for the year 2012. RESULTS: In 2012, the estimated prevalence of health-risk behaviors, chronic diseases or conditions, access to health care, and use of preventive health services substantially varied by state and territory, MMSA, and county. The following portion of the abstract lists a summary of results by selected BRFSS measures. Each se...
Source: MMWR Surveill Summ - April 30, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Chowdhury PP, Mawokomatanda T, Xu F, Gamble S, Flegel D, Pierannunzi C, Garvin W, Town M Tags: MMWR Surveill Summ Source Type: research

Educational Levels and Risk of Suicide in Japan: The Japan Public Health Center Study (JPHC) Cohort I.
CONCLUSIONS: High educational levels were associated with a reduced risk of suicide for both Japanese men and women. PMID: 27064129 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - April 12, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Bowel Movement Frequency, Laxative Use, and Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among Japanese Men and Women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Constipation could be a marker of exposure to CVD risk factors, and laxative use could be a risk factor for mortality from coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. PMID: 26725286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - January 16, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Effect of Comorbidities and Psychosocial Conditions on HRQOL After Lumbar Spinal Fusion
To investigate the association between comorbidities and its impact on HRQOL scores following spinal fusion surgery. The SF-36, ODI and rating scales (0 to 10) for back and leg pain were administered prospectively to patients who had lumbar spine fusion. Data on 12 medical (diabetes, heart disease, DVT/PVD, hypertension, cancer, kidney disease, asthma, autoimmune diseases, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and stroke) and 5 psychosocial conditions (depression, anxiety, obesity, smoking status, and worker's compensation status) were collected. A Generalized Linear Model was created to test the impact of these comorbidities on ...
Source: Annals of Epidemiology - August 20, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: N. Das, S.D. Glassman, M. Djurasovic, K.R. Bratcher, J.B. Nienhuis, L.Y. Carreon Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research