MiR-145-5p Overexpression Improves Stem Cell Transplantation
In this study, we found that ADSCs isolated from old donors (O-ADSCs) presented inferior phenotypes and decreased miR-145-5p levels compared to those from young donors (Y-ADSCs). To interrogate the role of miR-145-5p in ADSCs, gain- and loss-of-function approaches were performed. The results indicated that miR-145-5p overexpression in O-ADSCs promoted cellular proliferation and migration, while reducing cell senescence. Further study demonstrated that miR-145-5p could regulate ADSCs function by targeting bone morphogenetic protein binding endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER), which is a crucial modulator in...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Brain Cells Exhibit Maladaptive Changes in Response to an Aged Signaling Environment
How much of the declining function characteristic of aging is a matter of accumulated damage versus maladaptive responses to that damage? Damage to tissues alters the balance of molecules secreted by cells in those tissues, thereby changing the signaling environment both locally and throughout the body, causing other cells and tissues to react. Some of those reactions are harmful. The chronic inflammation of aging is a prominent example, the immune system serving as a broadcast network enabling dysfunction in one location in the body to contribute to harmful consequences everywhere else.
Aging brings about a myria...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 16, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Gut Microbiome Changes Correlate with Low Grip Strength in Older People
This study aimed to explore the metabolic mechanisms and potential biomarkers associated with declining HGS among older adults. We recruited 15 age- and environment-matched inpatients (age, 77-90 years) with low or normal HGS. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencing were performed to analyze the metabolome of serum and stool samples and the gut microbiome composition of stool samples. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to identify the potential serum and fecal metabolites associated with HGS.
We assessed the levels of serum and fecal metabolites belonging to...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 15, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Abdominal Fat Correlates with Cognitive Decline
This study investigated the association between abdominal adiposity at baseline and change in cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults using longitudinal data collected separately for men and women over 10 years. Cognitive function was evaluated biennially using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over 10 years. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at the naval level, and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) were assessed using baseline computed tomography scans.
This study included 873 older adults. In men, the groups with the highest levels of WC, SFA, and VFA exhibited a grea...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 15, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Towards Ways to Interfere in the Inflammatory Response to Mislocalized Mitochondrial DNA
Some fraction of the chronic inflammation of aging emerges because mitochondrial stress and dysfunction causes ejection of mitochondrial DNA fragments into the cell cytoplasm, where these fragments trigger the cGAS-STING pathway and consequent inflammatory signaling. Cells have evolved to be vigilant to misplaced DNA in large part because it is a marker of viral or bacterial infection. Obtaining a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process may identify points of intervention, ways to selectively suppress either the exposure of mitochondrial DNA in the cytoplasm or the reaction to that DNA when it is ex...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 15, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Monocyte Population Differences with Age Following Bone Fracture
The innate immune system is involved in tissue maintenance and regeneration. That includes populations of monocytes, circulating innate immune cells in the bloodstream that enter damaged tissue to become macrophages. Monocytes are somewhat easier to catalog and study than is the case for macrophages. The former can be found in a blood sample, while the latter require a tissue sample. Researchers tend to follow the incentives attending the cost and availability of data, and thus we have examples like today's open access paper, in which the authors focus on circulating monocytes in the context of bone fracture.
You mi...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 14, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Cool Images: Radiant in Red
Happy Valentine’s Day! In place of red roses, we hope you’ll accept a bouquet of beautiful scientific images featuring rich, red hues. Be sure to click all the way through to see the festive protein flowing through your blood!
For more scientific photos, illustrations, and videos in all the colors of the rainbow, visit our image and video gallery.
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Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - February 14, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Cells Molecular Structures Cellular Imaging Cool Images Proteins Source Type: blogs
Epigenetic Clocks Do Not Only Measure Epigenetic Drift
Epigenetic clocks are produced from data on the status of DNA methylation at CpG sites in the genome at various ages via machine learning processes. Thus it is unclear as to what the clocks actually measure. There is no catalog to state how and why each CpG site on the genome is or is not methylated at any given time. There is little to no understanding of the mechanistic links between specific epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and specific mechanisms and states of aging. In that context, the work here is interesting, demonstrating that stochastic epigenetic dysregulation with age, known as epigenetic drift, contrib...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 14, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Allostatic Load as a Correlate of Aging
Allostatic load is the concept of wear and tear on the body that emerges from stresses via overactivation of the neuroendocrine system. Causative stresses can range from starvation to psychological stress to a high burden of age-related dysfunction. At some point reactions to stress that are compensatory tip over into being themselves damaging. Thus one could expect allostatic load to correlate with degenerative aging and risk of mortality to at least some degree. In practice, however, there is little agreement on how to measure allostatic load, particularly in human patients, which makes it hard to compare results from st...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 14, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Reviewing the Data on Human Use of Rapamycin
Rapamycin and some of the later rapalog derivatives such as everolimus, all of which function via inhibition of mTOR, are arguably the best of the present crop of geroprotective drugs capable of modestly slowing aging and extending life in animal studies. The effects of rapamycin in mice are robust and repeatable, though never as large as we'd all like them to be. Like many of the other interventions that modestly slow aging in animal models these small molecule drugs mimic some of the effects of calorie restriction, and likely produce benefits largely through increased efficiency of the cell maintenance processes of autop...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 13, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
The Skin Microbiome in Skin Aging
In comparison to presently expanding studies of the gut microbiome, much less effort is directed towards the skin microbiome in the context of aging. Given the existence of the sizeable and vocal cosmetics industry, I'm sure that will change in the years ahead, however. For now, research into mechanisms by which the skin microbiome might change with age and in turn affect the aging of skin remains lagging somewhat behind the equivalent programs focused on intestinal microbial populations and their effects on the aging body and brain.
The interplay between microbes and the skin barrier holds pivotal significance in...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 13, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Assessing the Influence of the Hallmarks of Aging
The objective of the present review has been to determine the impact of the Hallmarks and address if the purpose that gave them rise was achieved. For that aim, we reviewed the literature that cited any of the two versions of the Hallmarks. The conclusion was that the first version (with the second one also following the same trend) accomplished the goal, as it influenced a vast variety of fields ranging from the different areas of aging research to other related fields. Furthermore, it also inspired other authors and served as a model for the organization of knowledge, giving rise to a wide variety of "Hallmarks" in other...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 13, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Macrophages Disrupt Bone Regeneration by Provoking Stem and Progenitor Cell Senescence
In this study, we revealed that macrophages in calluses secrete prosenescent factors, including grancalcin (GCA), during aging, which triggers skeletal stem cell and progenitor cell (SSPC) senescence and impairs fracture healing. Local injection of human recombinant GCA in young mice induced SSPC senescence and delayed fracture repair. Genetic deletion of Gca in monocytes/macrophages was sufficient to rejuvenate fracture repair in aged mice and alleviate SSPC senescence. Mechanistically, GCA binds to the plexin-B2 receptor and activates Arg2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence. Depletion of...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 12, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
What Does an Immunologist Do?
This post is part of a miniseries on the immune system. Be sure to check out the other posts in this series that you may have missed.
Immunology is the study of the immune system, including all the cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect you from germs. A person who studies immunology is called an immunologist, and there are three types:
Researchers, who study the immune system in the laboratory to understand how it works or how it can go awry and find new treatments for immune system-related diseases
Doctors, who diagnose and care for patients with diseases related to the immune system, such as ...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - February 12, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist Cells Injury and Illness Immunology Miniseries Infectious Diseases Medicines Microbes Research Roundup Source Type: blogs
Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Alzheimer's Disease
In this paper, the authors discuss the overlap between oxidative stress and growing numbers of senescent cells in the brain. Both are thought to contribute to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The aging of the brain is complex, a web of interacting processes, causes, and consequences. It has proven to be difficult to determine which processes are more or less important; the only efficient way forward is to come up with interventions that remove just one contributing factor with minimal side-effects. That is now possible for senescent cells, and clinical trials are underway, but manipulation of oxida...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 12, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
