Considering the Near Future of Senotherapeutics
Senescent cells accumulate with age, and this accumulation drives a sizable fraction of the dysfunction of degenerative aging. While never present in very large numbers, these cells energetically secrete signal molecules that provoke inflammation and tissue remodeling. As noted here, a major theme in the development of senotherapeutic drugs to either selectively destroy senescent cells or broadly suppress the disruptive signaling of senescent cells is the need for greater understanding of the diversity of cellular senescence. Different tissues, different cell types, different origins of the senescent state may all be meani...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 12, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, February 12th 2024
In conclusion, frailty is a dynamic process, and improved frailty and remaining robust are significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in older people.
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Greater Individual Wealth Correlates with Longer Life Expectancy
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2024/02/greater-individual-wealth-correlates-with-longer-life-expectancy/
Individual wealth correlates with life expectancy, with an effect size that is in the same ballpark as those related to lifestyle choices involving exercise, diet, and consequences thereof. It remains unclear...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 11, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Reversing Age-Related Frailty Reduces Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality
In conclusion, frailty is a dynamic process, and improved frailty and remaining robust are significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in older people. (Source: Fight Aging!)
Source: Fight Aging! - February 9, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Bypassing Causes to Focus on Repairing Damaged Synapses in Alzheimer's Disease
Should we expect an approach focused on repair of synapses in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, while leaving the causative mechanisms of the condition operating intact, to have a large effect on patient outcomes? Given what is known of the underlying mechanisms of protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and other problems that ultimately kill neurons, not just damage them, it seems possible that synaptic repair might do well in the early stages of cognitive impairment, but later do little to help as the condition progresses. Regardless, it is interesting to consider to degree to which neural function ...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 9, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
IL-15 Improves the Ability of Natural Killer Cells to Attack Cancerous Tissue
Cancerous tissue co-opts the immune system, suppressing its ability to destroy cancerous cells, and even gaining the assistance of immune cells in encouraging the growth of a tumor. There are many different mechanisms by which this happens, varied by immune cell type and form of cancer, comparatively few of which are well mapped and well understood. The active and well-funded cancer research community continues to explore the potential to interfere in these harmful interactions between cancer and immune system. The approach noted here is one of many, and typical of this sort of research program in that it targets a specifi...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 9, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
The Death of Death, in English
The authors of the Death of Death are regulars on the conference circuit for aging research, the longevity industry, and patient advocacy for the treatment of aging as a medical condition. The book was originally in Spanish, and has finally been translated into English. It is a popular science overview of progress towards technologies that will first slow aging, then enable the control of aging, and eventually, at some point, produce large gains in healthy human life span, postponing death by aging essentially indefinitely. The book and its authors also unapologetically and straightforwardly stand in opposition to the horr...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 8, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Activism, Advocacy and Education Source Type: blogs
Broadening Opportunities for Students in STEM at Brown University and Beyond
Credit: Courtesy of Brown University.
Andrew G. Campbell, Ph.D., a professor of medical science at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and previous dean of the graduate school, is passionate about researching understudied diseases and helping students reach their full potential.
Dr. Campbell’s lab has studied the single-cell organism Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), a parasite transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly, which is only found in specific regions of Africa. In humans, T. brucei causes African Trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. Symptoms of this illness include headache, weakne...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - February 8, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist STEM Education Profiles Training Source Type: blogs
Further Assessing the Effects of Air Pollution on Mortality
This study included 13,207 old participants with 73.3% aged 80 and beyond, followed up from 2008 to 2018 in 23 Chinese provinces. We used the Cox-proportional hazards model and quantile-based g-computation model to measure separate and joint effects of the multiple pollutants. We adjusted for climate and area economic factors based on a directed acyclic graph.
In 2018, no participants met the WHO AQG for PM2.5 and O3, and about one-third met the AQG for NO2. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 1.07 per decile increase in all three pollutants, with PM2.5 being the dominant contributor according to the quantile-ba...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 8, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Glial Cell Senescence Impairs α-Synuclein Clearance, Contributing to Parkinson's Disease
In this study, we investigated how aging and glial senescence affect the capacity of α-syn clearance. We found that following the intra-striatal injection of human α-syn (hu-α-syn) preformed fibril, hu-α-syn pathology persisted more in aged mice compared with younger mice and that aged microglia exhibited greater accumulation of hu-α-syn than younger microglia. Moreover, in vitro assay revealed that the clearance of hu-α-syn was primarily dependent on the autophagy-lysosome system rather than on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that the capacity of hu-α-syn clearance was diminished in senescent glia because of au...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 8, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Intermittent Fasting Produces Indeterminate Effects on BDNF Levels in Humans
The circulating level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a widely-researched target for intervention. Increased BDNF seems to be wholly beneficial, particularly in its effects on neurogenesis, the production of new neurons and their integration into existing neural networks in the brain. Neurogenesis declines over the course of adult life, and is necessary to the function of memory and maintenance of brain tissue. Circulating BDNF, where levels also decline with age, might be the most convenient of the available mechanisms with which to affect neurogenesis. It can be increased by exercise, butyrate supplementat...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 7, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Increasing Opportunities in STEM at Brown University and Beyond
Credit: Courtesy of Brown University.
Andrew G. Campbell, Ph.D., a professor of medical science at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, and previous dean of the graduate school, is passionate about researching understudied diseases and helping students reach their full potential.
Dr. Campbell’s lab has studied the single-cell organism Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), a parasite transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly, which is only found in specific regions of Africa. In humans, T. brucei causes African Trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. Symptoms of this illness include headache, weakne...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - February 7, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist STEM Education Profiles Training Source Type: blogs
A Novel HDAC1/2 Inhibitor Improves Measures of Tissue Function in Aged Mice
Researchers here report on the results of a drug screen focused on mimicking the transcriptional changes that occur in a number of interventions shown to modestly slow aging in short-lived species. They find an inhibitor of histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 achieves this outcome, and note that in mice this drug candidate can produce positive changes in a number of measures of tissue function. Further studies will have to explore longer-term effects, dosing, and side-effects. Histone decacetylases influence the structure of the nuclear genome, and thus also influence gene expression quite broadly. Understanding how and w...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 7, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
A Mitochondrial View of Muscle Aging
The hundreds of mitochondria present in every cell are primarily responsible for generating adenosine triphosphate, a chemical energy store molecule used to power cell operations. Mitochondria are the descendants of ancient symbiotic bacteria, and carry a small circular genome, the mitochondrial DNA. They replicate as needed, can fuse together and swap component parts, and damaged mitochondria are removed by cell maintenance processes. Mitochondrial function declines with age for a variety of reasons that include damage to mitochondrial DNA and changes in the expression of genes involved in replication, fusion, and quality...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 7, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Advocating for Epigenetic Reprogramming as a Potential Rejuvenation Therapy
Partial epigenetic reprogramming emerges from the intersection of understanding how cells behave in cancerous tissue and during embryonic development. In the developing embryo there is a point at which adult germline cells convert themselves into embryonic stem cells, discarding forms of damage and dysfunction characteristic of adult cells and restoring a youthful pattern of the epigenetic markers attached to the genome that control its shape in the cell nucleus and thus gene expression. Some of the genes involved are known to also operate in cancers, in which replication and reprogramming runs wild, but which use many of ...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 6, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
More Thought Needed on Causes versus Consequences in the Hallmarks of Aging
The hallmarks of aging are exactly that, hallmarks. They are not intended to be a list of causative mechanisms, though it appears that some people take it that way, particularly if it is supportive to their research and development program choices. Some of the hallmarks of aging overlap with the Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS) list of proposed causative mechanisms of aging, and the hallmarks paper itself clearly owes much to earlier SENS publications, as well as parallel proposals such as the Seven Pillars of Aging. It is important to target causes rather than consequences when it comes to aspects of...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 6, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
