Avian Dermatology
Dermatologic conditions are common in avian practice and can be caused by a huge array of potential disorders, ranging from infectious diseases, ectoparasites, metabolic disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and management deficits. The skin is the largest organ in the body and has the potential to lead to significant discomfort and welfare compromise when pathology is present. Some conditions may be relatively pathognomonic based on gross findings, whereas others may require a full diagnostic workup to investigate. Getting to the bottom of skin lesions and disorders often involves identification and correction of the under...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tariq Abou-Zahr Source Type: research

Rabbit Dermatology
The majority of rabbit skin disease presentations can be divided into pruritus, alopecia, scaling, and nodules. Some disease will have more than one of these clinical signs. Ectoparasites, bacterial and fungal infections, and neoplasia account for most of the causes seen. Diagnostic tests include skin scraping and cytology, microbial culture, and biopsy. Therapy is dependent on cause. In addition to discussing the various causes and their treatments, important clinical care points are noted. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Stephen D. White Source Type: research

Ferret Dermatology
Skin diseases commonly affect pet ferrets, with neoplastic, endocrine, and parasitic diseases being the most common. This review includes clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of diseases with a dermatologic presentation in ferrets. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mette Louise Halck, Nico J. Schoemaker, Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland Source Type: research

Rodent Dermatology
This article reviews the most common dermatologic conditions of the pet rodent population, including the prevalence, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jasmine Sarvi, David Eshar Source Type: research

Reptile Dermatology
Reptiles are being presented more frequently to veterinarians because they increase in popularity. As with domestic pets, dermatologic conditions are common findings in captive reptiles and can be associated with husbandry and nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, and neoplasia. To have success with these cases, it is important to take a stepwise and strategic approach, starting with a thorough anamnesis and physical examination. From there, diagnostic tests should be pursued, with an understanding of the limitations of each diagnostic test. By understanding these limitations, the veterinary scientist can determin...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Graciela Aguilar, Mark A. Mitchell Source Type: research

The Current State of Knowledge on Parasitic Copepods (Siphonostomatoida: Pandaridae) of Elasmobranchs
Elasmobranch fishes comprise sharks and sawfish (infraclass Selachii), and rays, skates, and stingrays (infraclass Batoidea). Many elasmobranch species are popular fish exhibited in zoos and public aquariums. They may serve as hosts for a great variety of parasites. Among these, parasitic copepods are commonly known to cause serious damage to their hosts. In this paper, we summarize and analyse the existing literature on the pandarid copepods (Siphonostomatoida Burmeister, 1835) of elasmobranch fishes, as it relates to their diversity, life cycles, host-specificity, biogeography, pathology, and available treatments. (Sourc...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo, Marialetizia Palomba, Mario Santoro Source Type: research

Dermatologic Diseases of Four-Toed Hedgehogs
Dermatologic diseases are frequently diagnosed in the four-toed hedgehog. Common clinical signs include spine loss, scales and crusts, pruritus, alopecia, and masses. Caparinia tripilis, family Psoroptidae, is the most common mite affecting hedgehogs, and is diagnosed via light microscopy. Dermatophytosis from Trichophyton erinacei infection is a common zoonotic dermatologic disease in pet hedgehogs. Diagnosis is through fungal culture. Neoplasia is another major cause of dermatologic diseases in four-toed hedgehogs. The diagnostic approach typically begins with a fine-needle aspirate but often requires a biopsy for a defi...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Grayson A. Doss Source Type: research

Dermatologic Aspects of Zoo Mammal Medicine
The article deals with the primary aspects of how to maintain healthy integument in zoo mammals and in particular why husbandry-related health problems can occur in general in a zoologic setting. While working with these species we are often faced with diagnostic challenges, which may include a general approach (often requiring anesthesia or medical training), lack of “normal” references, and difficulties, especially if the cutaneous signs are not a primary ailment, but a manifestation of a generalized disease (eg, immune-suppression). The different etiologies of skin problems are discussed with clinical examples. (Sou...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Endre S ós, Viktória Sós-Koroknai Source Type: research

Amphibian Dermatology
Amphibians are susceptible to a multitude of skin disorders, many of which can appear grossly similar. The most common clinical presentations include hyperemia, discoloration, dermal mass, ulceration, and necrosis. Many amphibian skin diseases are related to captive husbandry. The diagnostic process starts with environmental evaluations, a full history, physical examination and sampling for direct observation, histology, polymerase chain reaction testing, and bacterial and fungal culture. This review emphasizes the main conditions encountered in amphibian dermatology. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Norin Chai Source Type: research

Zoonotic Dermatoses of Exotic Companion Mammals
This article provides an understanding of the main zoonotic dermatoses including parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases to provide the most updated information on their epidemiology, diagnosis, reported clinical signs, and therapies. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Dario d ’Ovidio, Domenico Santoro Source Type: research

Problem-Oriented Approach in Exotic Companion Mammals
This article provides a clinical approach of the conditions presenting with alopecia, pruritus, scaling/crusting, erosion/ulceration, and nodules in order to select and interpret the appropriate diagnostic tests to achieve a diagnosis for a successful treatment. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Dario d ’Ovidio, Stephen White, Domenico Santoro Source Type: research

Dermatology
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EXOTIC ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Dario d ’Ovidio, Domenico Santoro Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
J ӦRG MAYER, Dr med vet, Msc (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Dario d ’Ovidio and Domenico Santoro (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - March 24, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research