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Exotic Animal Nutrition
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EXOTIC ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amanda J. Ardente Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
J ӦRG MAYER, Dr med vet, MSc (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Amanda J. Ardente (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Pediatrics (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Staying Current —It Takes a Village
Nutrition and husbandry have always been essential considerations for veterinarians and the health care teams seeing exotic companion animals in clinical practice. The field of comparative animal nutrition, specifically for exotic species, continues to evolve as we improve our understanding of species ’ natural history, unique physiology, energy, and nutrient needs. We are also obtaining more complete nutrient information on food items fed, learning how various nutrients interact, and better understanding how laboratory analyses impact our decision-making process. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - September 26, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amanda J. Ardente Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Interpretation of Serum Analytes for Nutritional Evaluation
Serum micronutrient analysis can provide insight into diet and clinical assessment, despite the complicated interplay between micronutrients and species idiosyncrasies. Approach serum nutrient analytes with skepticism, before jumping to alter diets or offering supplementation. Utilize across species but know that some exotics have exceptions to typical ranges, such as calcium in rabbits or iron in reptiles. Make sure you trust that referenced ranges reflect normal and healthy for that species. Micronutrients are integral to every bodily process, so measurement of serum analytes can tell a story that aids in the clinical pi...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - September 19, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kathleen E. Sullivan, Alyxandra Swanhall, Shannon Livingston Source Type: research

An Update on Companion Inland Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Nutrition
Evidence-based recommendations for the amount, type, and frequency of food items and supplements are lacking for bearded dragons. General recommendations based on ecological data, a few studies, and experts in the field are to: provide at least 50% high-fiber plant matter dusted in pure calcium and less than 50% adult and lower fat larval insects gut loaded with an 8% calcium diet and dusted with pure calcium, provide ultraviolet B lighting for vitamin D3 synthesis, provide multivitamins on a weekly basis, or monthly at minimum, provide a water dish large enough to soak and drink. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North Ameri...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - September 13, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Trinita Barboza, Marjorie Bercier Source Type: research

Assisted Enteral Feeding of Exotic Companion Animals
Malnutrition is a known concern during hospitalization for humans, dogs, and cats. The same nutrition principals to reduce the risk of malnutrition can be applied to exotic companion animal patients. However, it's important to understand that many nutritional requirements are ill defined for specific species and prudent clinical judgment is required. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - September 13, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Y. Becca Leung Source Type: research

Important Factors in Chelonian Nutrition
This article provides practical feeding advice for tortoises and freshwater and terrestrial turtles. Areas covered include the different feeding ecology of different types of chelonians, their digestive physiology, growth rate, body condition scoring, an overview of what types of diets items can be used in captive diets, and examples of diets used for various species of chelonians. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - September 1, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Matthew A. Brooks Source Type: research

An Update on Key Nutritional Factors in Ferret Nutrition
It is understood that ferrets are obligate carnivores. Constraints of manufacturing and cost make it difficult to align a single commercial diet to meet  all physiological needs of ferrets. Thus, a combination of dietary formats should be offered. Ferret diets should be high in protein and fat and low in carbohydrates. Emphasis should be placed on fat concentrations and protein-to-fat ratios, which can be targeted at 2:1. Plant-based ingredients do not have a place in ferret diets and could unbalance diets, particularly in amino acids. Items such as fruits, while highly palatable to ferrets, should be avoided. (Source: Ve...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Cayla Iske Source Type: research

Insectivore Nutrition – A Review of Current Knowledge
Insectivores are represented in virtually all taxa, although more is known about mammalian and avian insectivore nutrition than for reptiles, amphibia and fish. Establishing nutrient requirements is challenging but recommendations should be based on data from similar taxa, similar GI tract physiology, and known nutritional concerns. In order to provide an appropriate diet for insectivores, consideration must be given to anatomy and method for procuring insects in free-ranging habitats, availability of feeder insects and the resulting dietary nutrient profiles, and complementing those profiles with appropriate diet items fr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Breanna P. Modica, Elizabeth A. Koutsos Source Type: research

Mini Pig Nutrition and Weight Management
Mini pigs are engaging, intelligent animals that require different management than other pet species. Published nutrient requirements for production pigs are a good reference, but they must be critically evaluated in the context of pet mini pigs ’ needs to prioritize longevity and healthy weight. A balanced diet includes a pelleted feed, vegetables, and roughage, with minimal fruit or other treats. Mini pigs easily gain weight, and a balanced, high-fiber diet helps maintain healthy body condition to reduce the risk of metabolic and joint diseases. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 23, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Nichole F. Huntley Source Type: research

Urine Output Monitoring and Acute Kidney Injury in Non-mammalian Exotic Animal Critical Care
This article will discuss AKI, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for non-mammalian exotic species. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - July 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Stacey Leonatti Wilkinson Source Type: research

Nutritive Support for Critical Exotic Patients
Malnutrition and need for nutritive support are both very common in exotic animals requiring critical care. Assessment and monitoring of body condition, weight, protein absorption, and catabolic loss is recommended to help guide restorative therapy. Several critical care diets are available based on digestive strategy. Fluid requirements and evaporative water loss can vary based on taxa; ectoderms suffer evaporative losses at a greater magnitude than endotherms. Enteral and parenteral nutrition strategies can be appropriate for patients, with natural history and anatomic and physiologic differences considered as much as po...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - July 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: La ’Toya V. Latney Source Type: research