Exoskeleton Repair in Invertebrates
This article focuses on exoskeleton repair in invertebrates presented due to physical trauma with impairment of the integument and often with hemolymph loss. Invertebrates, especially the larger-bodied arthropods, can severely damage their exoskeleton if dropped or if they are handled during ecdysis. Clinicians are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the basic first-aid techniques for invertebrate exoskeleton repair. With simple techniques and using items found in most homes, clients can be guided through basic first-aid procedures to prevent fatalities from hemolymph loss until the animal can be properly attended by...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - April 7, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Sarah Pellett, Michelle O ’Brien Source Type: research

Orthopedics in Reptiles and Amphibians
Musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause for presentation of reptiles and amphibians to the veterinarian. A clinical approach to orthopedic cases starts with a thorough history and review of husbandry, and identification of any underlying or concomitant disease. Medical management is indicated for pathologic fractures. Traumatic fractures may require surgical intervention. Stabilization options include external coaptation and/or external and internal fixation. Special considerations must be given to shell fractures in chelonians. Many techniques used in mammalian practice can be applied to reptiles and amphibians, alth...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - April 7, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Peter M. DiGeronimo, Jo ão Brandão Source Type: research

Exotic Mammal Orthopedics
Orthopedic disorders are a common clinical presentation for the exotic clinician. Before treating the fracture it is vital to stabilize the patient. Small exotic mammals are characterized by relatively thinner bones, adding to the difficulty the small size already represents. A combination of conservative and surgical treatment options are available. The principles of orthopedic surgery and ideas behind the treatment options remain the same as for small mammals, but not all techniques can be directly extrapolated. Historically, the tie-in fixator has been the preferred surgical choice whenever feasible, but further develop...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - April 7, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Yasutsugu Miwa, Daniel Calvo Carrasco Source Type: research

Fracture Management in Avian Species
In treating avian species with fractures, the clinician must be prepared to think laterally and assess each case individually, taking into account the unique characteristics of the fracture, the temperament of the species and the individual, its lifestyle, and the desired outcome. All this should be considered during the decision making process, which should involve the owner or career of the patient. The clinician should aim for a result as close as possible to the original functional anatomy. The degree of perfection required for postoperative return to normal function is dictated by the species and the lifestyle of the ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - April 7, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Daniel Calvo Carrasco Source Type: research

Exotic Animal, Zoo, and Wildlife Orthopedics
Orthopedic disorders are a common reason for presentation in exotics animals. Their optimal management often requires a profound knowledge of the species ’ anatomy and pathophysiology, and advanced skills not only in surgery but also in related disciplines, such as critical care, diagnostic imaging, or anesthesia. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - April 7, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mikel Sabater Gonz ález, Daniel Calvo Carrasco Tags: Preface Source Type: research