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Contents
Miranda J. Sadar and Jo ão Brandão (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 23, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Cardiology (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - November 23, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Application of Epidemiology and Principles of Herd/Flock Health for the Exotic Animal Veterinarian
Against a backdrop of climate change and epidemics, the exotic animal veterinarian is well positioned to detect emerging and exotic disease threats, prevent and control zoonotic diseases, and identify antimicrobial resistance. Within the traditional context of animal and public health, epidemiology has had a focus on veterinary preventive health and in disease investigation and control particularly in food animal and safety application. The understanding of preventive health management and veterinary epidemiology expands the repertoire of the clinical veterinarian to advise and implement and evaluate group animal health pr...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Zhi Jian Kelvin Lim, Shangzhe Xie Source Type: research

Therapeutics in Herd/Flock Medicine
When treatment is required for a herd/flock health concern, a range of factors must be considered to determine the preferred treatment strategy. If a group treatment strategy is pursued, considerations to optimize the likelihood of safe and effective group treatment include taxon-specific pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, the formulation of prescribed medication, the type and amount of food, the number and type of water sources, enclosure design, size and demography of the group, weather conditions, and health status of individuals in the group. In addition, antimicrobial stewardship principles and relevant legislation/re...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: David J. McLelland, Jennifer M. McLelland Source Type: research

Managing Disease Outbreaks in Captive Herds of Exotic Companion Mammals
Management of epizootics of exotic companion mammal herds relies on careful observance of animals, proper management and husbandry, adequate nutrition, and stress reduction. Many diseases occur because of the stress of weaning so anticipating this and maximizing sanitation and ventilation, minimizing overcrowding and concurrent disease, and providing enough fiber for herbivores is prudent. Antimicrobial therapy must be carefully considered in the route of administration and the likely risk of enterotoxemia development. Separation of affected animals, rapid diagnostic testing, and implementation of treatment and supportive ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amber Lee Source Type: research

Managing Disease Outbreaks in Captive Flocks of Birds
The modern avian practitioner may be called upon to manage disease outbreak in aviary or zoologic bird flocks. Traditionally, managing these types of disease events has been based on avicultural production principles, which may require modification to adapt to the modern leisure, educational, or exhibition aviary. We discuss how principles of avicultural medicine and disease investigation may be adapted to the aviary flock and illustrate these modified principles with real-world examples. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ellen K. Rasidi, Shangzhe Xie Source Type: research

Prevention is Better than Cure
This article will focus on the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases affecting reptiles and amphibians. There will be discussions on the characteristics of each pathogen and treatment strategies based on the differences in pathogens. As the saying goes, “Prevention is better than cure”. The key to successfully manage a disease outbreak is to prevent one, by that, it means to have already in place preventative measures. This will reduce the risk of a disease outbreak. Preventative measures may include source of specimen, quarantine, types of tes ting while in quarantine, and treatment protocols based on test result...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Shirley Yeo LLizo Source Type: research

Recommended Health Care and Disease-Prevention Programs for Herds/Flocks of Exotic Animals
This article provides an overview of the current recommendations for health care and disease-prevention programs for herds or flocks of exotic animals, specifically companion and aviary birds, backyard poultry; snakes, lizards, chelonians, and amphibians; rabbits, ferrets, and common exotic small mammals. Husbandry practices, disease screening suggestions and techniques, and vaccination strategies, where appropriate, are reviewed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Michelle Sutherland, Hamish Baron, Joshua Llinas Source Type: research

Managing the Health of Captive Flocks of Birds
There are many intersecting aspects to the avicultural management of a captive flock. Extensive knowledge of the natural history of the species kept is key to fulfilling the environmental, social, nutritional, and behavioral requirements of the birds, whether in a mixed- or sole-species aviary. Species compatibility with the environment, climate, and other co-occupants plays a role as well, as does hygiene, good avicultural management, and veterinary involvement and consultation. In understanding and meeting these requirements, optimal health can be maintained through the reduction or elimination of stressors and the maint...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ellen K. Rasidi, Juan Cornejo Source Type: research

Managing the Health of Captive Groups of Reptiles and Amphibians
Managing the health of reptile and amphibian collections is centered on providing appropriate environmental parameters, husbandry conditions, and nutrition as well as maintaining good welfare and careful collection planning. Disease transmission is reduced through quarantine, appropriate diagnostic testing, and annual veterinary health assessment." (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Trent Charles van Zanten, Shane Craig Simpson Source Type: research

Managing the Health of Captive Herds of Exotic Companion Mammals
This article briefly reviews the ethology and husbandry in such species, but detailed needs are beyond the scope of this article. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kim Le, Joanne Sheen Source Type: research

Reproduction Management of Herds/Flocks of Exotic Animals
This article gives some suggestions and tips on how to proceed when facing an exotic animal collection and especially when breeding is not as successful as expected. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Lorenzo Crosta, Daniele Petrini, Shivananden Sawmy Source Type: research

Birds of a Feather Flock Together
As exotic animal medicine progresses, the demand from clients owning large groups of exotic animals, whether due to their personal or business interests, will increase. Most exotic animal practitioners have good training and fundamentals in small animal medicine, which focuses on the individual patient. Herd and flock medicine requires a different approach, with many principles derived from production animal medicine. Furthermore, as the level of veterinary medicine and standard of care for exotic animals increase, antemortem diagnoses and individualized medication/treatment regimens can allow for earlier diagnoses of dise...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Shangzhe Xie Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Herd/Flock Health and Medicine for the Exotic Animal Practitioner
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EXOTIC ANIMAL PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Shangzhe Xie Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice - August 6, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research