Neuroprotection of Stem Cells Against Ischemic Brain Injury: From Bench to Clinic
AbstractNeurological injuries can have numerous debilitating effects on functional status including sensorimotor deficits, cognitive impairment, and behavioral symptoms. Despite the disease burden, treatment options remain limited. Current pharmacological interventions are targeted at symptom management but are ineffective in reversing ischemic brain damage. Stem cell therapy for ischemic brain injury has shown promising preclinical and clinical results and has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic option. Various stem cell sources (embryonic, mesenchymal/bone marrow, and neural stem cells) have been investigat...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Assessment of Irreversible Tissue Injury in Extensive Ischemic Stroke —Potential of Quantitative Cerebral Perfusion
AbstractComputed tomography perfusion (CTP) is used as a tool to select ischemic stroke patients for endovascular treatment (EVT) and is currently investigated in the setting of extensive stroke with low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT scores (ASPECTS). The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive quantitative analysis of cerebral blood flow within the ischemic lesion compared to threshold-derived core lesion volumes. We hypothesized that the degree of cerebral blood volume (CBV) reduction within the ischemic lesion is predictive of irreversible tissue injury and functional outcome in patients with low ASPECTS....
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Aspirin and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in the UK Biobank
In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between aspirin and SAH in the general population. The UK Biobank is a prospective population-based cohort study. Sex, age, smoking, alcohol, medication use, hypertension, blood pressure, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were recorded at baseline assessments. Follow-up is conducted through linkages to National Health Service data including electronic, coded death certificate, hospital and primary care data. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to analyse the association between aspirin use and SAH. Of the 501,060 participants included in the analysis, a total of 5...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clinical Significance and Influencing Factors of Microvascular Tissue Reperfusion After Macrovascular Recanalization
In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of tissue optimal reperfusion (TOR) and its influencing factors. From December 1, 2020 to December 1, 2021, AIS patients with successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score [mTICI] ≥ 2b) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomography perfusion was performed before and after MT. Successful reperfusion was assessed by TOR, defined as > 90% reduction of the Tmax > 6 s lesion volumes between baseline and early follow-up perfusion profiles. The impact of TOR on functional outcomes after...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MicroRNA-193a-5p Rescues Ischemic Cerebral Injury by Restoring N2-Like Neutrophil Subsets
In conclusion, miR-193a-5p protects against cerebral ischemic injury by restoring neutrophil N2 phenotype-associated neuroinflammation suppr ession, likely, in part, via UBE2V2 induction. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Dynamic Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Cortical Spreading Depolarization in the Murine Endovascular Perforation Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model
AbstractDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the most severe complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is believed to play a vital role in it. However, the dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to CSD in typical SAH models have not been well investigated. Here, SAH was established in mice with endovascular perforation. Subsequently, the spontaneous CBF dropped instantly and then returned to baseline rapidly. After KCl application to the cortex, subsequent hypoperfusion waves occurred across the groups, while a lower average perfusion level was found in th...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clozapine-Induced Chemogenetic Neuromodulation Rescues Post-Stroke Deficits After Chronic Capsular Infarct
AbstractLong-term disabilities induced by stroke impose a heavy burden on patients, families, caregivers, and public health systems. Extensive studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of neuromodulation in enhancing post-stroke recovery. Among them, chemogenetic neuromodulation activated by clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) has been proposed as the potential tool of neuromodulation. However, recent evidence showed that CNO does not cross the blood − brain barrier and may in fact have low binding affinity for chemogenetic tool. Thus, clozapine (CLZ) has been suggested for use in chemogenetic neuromodulation, in place of...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Transcriptional Landscape of Pericytes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
This study identifies temporal transcriptional changes in the acute phase of ischemic stroke that reflect the early response of pericytes to the ischemic insult and its secondary consequences and may constitute potential future therapeutic targets. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain-Targeting Emodin Mitigates Ischemic Stroke via Inhibiting AQP4-Mediated Swelling and Neuroinflammation
In this study, we aimed to achieve brain-targeted delivery of emodin to maximize its therapeutic efficacy and elucidate the mechanisms by which emodin alleviates ischemic stroke. A polyethylene glycol (PEG)/cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD)-modified liposome was used to encapsulate emodin. TTC, HE, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of brain-targeting emodin in MCAO and OGD/R models. Inflammatory cytokine levels were determined using ELISA. Immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and RT-qPCR were utilized for clarifying the changes in key downstream signaling. Lentivirus...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Erythropoietin Abrogates Post-Ischemic Activation of the NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 Inflammasomes in Microglia/Macrophages in a TAK1-Dependent Manner
(Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neutralizing RGMa with Elezanumab Promotes Cerebroprotection and Recovery in Rabbit Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
AbstractRepulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) is an inhibitor of neuronal growth and survival which is upregulated in the damaged central nervous system following acute spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and other neuropathological conditions. Neutralization of RGMa is neuroprotective and promotes neuroplasticity in several preclinical models of neurodegeneration and injury including multiple sclerosis, AIS, and SCI. Given the limitations of current treatments for AIS due to narrow time windows to intervention (TTI), and restrictive patient selection criteria, there is significant...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Risk Factors for Preoperative Cerebral Infarction in Infants with Moyamoya Disease
AbstractThere have been few reports on the risk factors for preoperative cerebral infarction in childhood moyamoya disease (MMD) in infants under 4 years. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify clinical and radiological risk factors for preoperative cerebral infarction in infants under 4 years old with MMD, and the optimal timing for EDAS was also considered. We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for preoperative cerebral infarction, confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in pediatric patients aged ˂4 years who underwent encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis between April 2005 and July 2022. The c...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
CT Angiography Radiomics Combining Traditional Risk Factors to Predict Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture: a Machine Learning, Multicenter Study
This study aimed to develop a machine learning model for predicting brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) rupture using a combination of traditional risk factors and radiomics features. This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 586 patients with unruptured bAVMs from 2010 to 2020. All patients were grouped into the hemorrhage (n = 368) and non-hemorrhage (n = 218) groups. The bAVM nidus were segmented on CT angiography images using Slicer software, and radiomic features were extracted using Pyradiomics. The dataset included a training set and an independent testing set. The machine learning model was developed on the...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Longitudinal Morphometric Changes in the Corticospinal Tract Shape After Hemorrhagic Stroke
We present a novel method to quantify CST deformation caused by ICH. Deformation most often occurs in left-right axis (PC1) and superior-inf erior (PC3) directions. As compared to the reference, the significant temporal difference at the first time point suggests CST restoration over time. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neutrophil-activating Peptide 2 as a Novel Modulator of Fibrin Clot Properties in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
AbstractNeutrophil-activating peptide
2 (NAP-2, CXCL7), a platelet-derived neutrophil chemoattractant, is involved in inflammation. We investigated associations between NAP-2 levels, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, and fibrin clot properties in atrial fibrillation (AF). We recruited 237 consecutive patients with AF (mean age, 68 ± 11 years; median CHA2DS2VASc score of 3 [2 –4]) and 30 apparently healthy controls. Plasma NAP-2 concentrations were measured, along with plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks) and clot lysis time (CLT), thrombin generation, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), as a marke...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
