Red Blood Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartment After Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Significance and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
In conclusion, this review offers deeper insights into the complex dynamics of SAH and discusses the potential pathways available for advancing its management. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 29, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Similarities in the Electrographic Patterns of Delayed Cerebral Infarction and Brain Death After Aneurysmal and Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractWhile subarachnoid hemorrhage is the second most common hemorrhagic stroke in epidemiologic studies, the recent DISCHARGE-1 trial has shown that in reality, three-quarters of focal brain damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage is ischemic. Two-fifths of these ischemic infarctions occur early and three-fifths are delayed. The vast majority are cortical infarcts whose pathomorphology corresponds to anemic infarcts. Therefore, we propose in this review that subarachnoid hemorrhage as an ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke is rather a third, separate entity in addition to purely ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. Cumulative focal b...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 23, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Remote Ischemic Post-conditioning Reduces Cognitive Impairment in Rats Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Possible Involvement in STAT3/STAT5 Phosphorylation and Th17/Treg Cell Homeostasis
This study aims to examine the inhibitory impact of remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIPostC) on the body ’s inflammatory response by regulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis after SAH. The ultimate goal is to search for potential early treatment targets for SAH. The rat SAH models were made by intravascular puncture of the internal carotid artery. The intervention of RIPostC was administered for three c onsecutive days immediately after successful modeling. Behavioral experiments including the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were conducted to assess cognitive functions such as spatial memory, working memory, and learn...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 15, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Switching Off Vascular MAPK Signaling: A Novel Strategy to Prevent Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractPatients who initially survive the rupture and repair of a brain aneurysm often take a devastating turn for the worse some days later and die or suffer permanent neurologic deficits. This catastrophic sequela is attributed to a delayed phase of global cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but we lack effective treatment. Here we present our view, based on 20 years of research, that the initial drop in blood flow at the time of rupture triggers genomic responses throughout the brain vasculature that manifest days later as increased vasoconstriction and decreased cerebral bloo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs): Biology and Therapeutic Potential in Perioperative Stroke
AbstractPerioperative stroke is a devastating complication that occurs during surgery or within 30 days following the surgical procedure. Its prevalence ranges from 0.08 to 10% although it is most likely an underestimation, as sedatives and narcotics can substantially mask symptomatology and clinical presentation. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and identifying potential therapeuti c targets are of paramount importance. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), a unique family of G-protein-coupled receptors, are widely expressed throughout the human body and play essential roles in various physiological and patho...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Comparison of Long ‑Term Outcomes in Ruptured Diffuse Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Between Interventional Therapy and Conservative Management
(Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonism Alleviates Progressive Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
This study underscores the importance of translational disease modeling and provides evidence that modulation of t he AT2R signaling via C21 may be a useful therapeutic option to improve sensorimotor and cognitive outcomes even in aged animals. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 2, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Tenecteplase Plus Butyphthalide for Stroke Within 4.5 –6 Hours of Onset (EXIT-BT): a Phase 2 Study
AbstractTo date, the benefit of intravenous thrombolysis is confined to within 4.5 h of onset for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) without advanced neuroimaging selection. The current trial aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) plus Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) in AIS within 4.5 to 6 h of onset. In this randomized, multicenter trial, eligible AIS patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous TNK (0.25 mg/kg) plus NBP or NBP within 4.5 to 6 h of onset. The primary endpoint was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Secondary endpoints included excellent functional outcom...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 β Inhibitor VP3.15 Ameliorates Neurogenesis, Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Impairment in a Model of Germinal Matrix-intraventricular Hemorrhage of the Preterm Newborn
AbstractAdvances in neonatology have significantly reduced mortality rates due to prematurity. However, complications of prematurity have barely changed in recent decades. Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is one of the most severe complications of prematurity, and these children are prone to suffer short- and long-term sequelae, including cerebral palsy, cognitive and motor impairments, or neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, GM-IVH has no successful treatment. VP3.15 is a small, heterocyclic molecule of the 5-imino-1,2,4-thiadiazole family with a dual action as a phosphodiesterase 7 and glycogen s...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of ICP Monitoring in Minimally Invasive Surgery for the Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second major stroke type, with high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality. At present, there is no effective and reliable treatment for ICH. As a result, most patients have a poor prognosis. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is the fastest treatment method to remove hematoma, which is characterized by less trauma and easy operation. Some studies have confirmed the safety of MIS, but there are still no reports showing that it can significantly improve the functional outcome of ICH patients. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is considered to be an important part...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibition of USP30 Promotes Mitophagy by Regulating Ubiquitination of MFN2 by Parkin to Attenuate Early Brain Injury After SAH
This study evaluated the neuroprotective role and possible molecular basis by which inhibiting USP30 to attenuate SAH-induced EBI by promoting neuronal mitophagy. We used an in vitro model of hemoglobin exposure and an in vivo model of intravascular perforation. Increased expression of USP30 was found after SAH in vivo and in vitro, and USP30 inhibition expression in SAH mice treated with MF094 resulted in significant improvement of neurological injury and inflammatory response and mediated good outcomes, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of USP30 inhibition. In cultured neurons, inhibition of USP30 promoted ubiquitinati...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Therapeutic Potential of Intravenous miR-21 Mimic after Stroke Following STAIR Criteria
AbstractThe microRNA-21 (miR-21) levels in the brain are crucial in determining post-stroke brain damage and recovery. The miR-21 exerts neuroprotection by targeting mRNAs that translate proteins that mediate brain damage. We currently determined the efficacy and efficiency of intravenously administered miR-21 mimic after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Adult male mice were intravenously administered with either control mimic or miR-21 mimic at 5 min/2 h after reperfusion following 1 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to determine the therapeutic window of miR-21 mimic. Adult female, type-2 diabetic male, age...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Drainage Dysfunction of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels Is Correlated with the Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: a Prospective Study
This study revealed the mLVs ’ drainage dysfunction after CSDH through non-invasive MRI. Furthermore, the drainage function of mLVs is an independent predictive factor of CSDH recurrence. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Crosstalk Between Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inducer EMMPRIN/CD147: a Promising Therapeutic Target for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by the disruption of cerebrovascular integrity, resulting in hematoma enlargement, edema formation, and physical damage in the brain parenchyma. Primary ICH also leads to secondary brain injury contributed by oxidative stress, dysregulated immune responses, and proteolysis. In this context, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a ubiquitous superfamily of structurally related zinc-dependent endopeptidases capable of degrading all components of the extracellular matrix. They disrupt the blood-brain barrier and promote neuroinflammation. Importantly, several MMP me...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Prevalence and Predictors of Hemorrhagic Foci on Long-term Follow-up MRI of Recent Single Subcortical Infarcts
AbstractHemorrhagic foci surrounding the lacune in the long-term evolution of recent single subcortical infarcts (RSSIs) remains largely unexplored. We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of hemorrhagic foci in patients with RSSI. From a prospective, longitudinal study of RSSIs, we recruited patients who underwent multimodal MRI assessments both at baseline and approximately one year after the stroke onset. Hemorrhagic foci were identified using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Among 101 patients with RSSI, nearly half (n = 45, 44.6%) had hemorrhagic foci within the index RSSI lesi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
