Alterations in Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common disease that seriously endangers people ’s health, and is easily overlooked by both patients and clinicians due to its near-silent onset. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) is a new concept focusing on the dynamic features and patterns of brain networks that represents a powerful tool for gaining novel insight into neurological disea ses. To assess alterations in DFC in CSVD patients, and the correlation of DFC with cognitive function. We enrolled 35 CSVD patients and 31 normal control subjects (NC). Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) with a sliding-wind...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Secondary Brain Injury Following Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
AbstractGerminal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) can be a fatal condition responsible for the death of 1.7% of all neonates in the USA. The majority of GMH survivors develop long-term sequalae with debilitating comorbidities. Higher grade GMH is associated with higher mortality rates and higher prevalence of comorbidities. The pathophysiology of GMH can be broken down into two main titles: faulty hemodynamic autoregulation and structural weakness at the level of tissues and cells. Prematurity is the most significant risk factor for GMH, and it predisposes to both major pathophysiological mechanisms of the condition. Secondary brai...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Stroke: Determining the Mechanisms Behind their Association and Treatment Options
AbstractSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) can be a sequela of stroke caused by vascular injury to vital respiratory centers, cerebral edema, and increased intracranial pressure of space-occupying lesions. Likewise, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes to increased stroke risk through local mechanisms such as impaired ischemic cerebrovascular response and systemic effects such as promoting atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, cardiac arrhythmias, vascular-endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. The impact of OSA on stroke outcomes has been established, yet it receives less attention in national guidelines on st...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

SLC45A3 Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Biomarker to Attenuate White Matter Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease, which impairs patients ’ white matter even after timely clinical interventions. Indicated by studies in the past decade, ICH-induced white matter injury (WMI) is closely related to neurological deficits; however, its underlying mechanism and pertinent treatment are yet insufficient. We gathered two datasets (GSE24265 an d GSE125512), and by taking an intersection among interesting genes identified by weighted gene co-expression networks analysis, we determined target genes after differentially expressing genes in two datasets. Additional single-c...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Hemodynamics Underlying Artery-to-Artery Embolism in Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
AbstractArtery-to-artery embolism (AAE) is a common stroke mechanism in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), associated with a considerable risk of recurrent stroke. We aimed to investigate cerebral hemodynamic features associated with AAE in symptomatic ICAD. Patients with anterior-circulation, symptomatic ICAD confirmed in CT angiography (CTA) were recruited. We classified probable stroke mechanisms as isolated parent artery atherosclerosis occluding penetrating artery, AAE, hypoperfusion, and mixed mechanisms, largely based on infarct topography. CTA-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were built to ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Novel Rat Model of Embolic Cerebral Ischemia Using a Cell-Implantable Radiopaque Hydrogel Microfiber
We present a novel rat model of focal infarct restricted to the middle cerebral artery territory using a radiopaque hydrogel microfiber positioned under fluoroscopic guidance. By comparing the use of stem cell-containing versus non-containing fibers in this stroke model, it would be possible to determine the efficacy of"pure" cell transplantation in treating stroke. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Delayed Chronic Acidic Postconditioning Improves Poststroke Motor Functional Recovery and Brain Tissue Repair by Activating Proton-Sensing TDAG8
AbstractAcidic postconditioning by transient CO2 inhalation applied within minutes after reperfusion has neuroprotective effects in the acute phase of stroke. However, the effects of delayed chronic acidic postconditioning (DCAPC) initiated during the subacute phase of stroke or other acute brain injuries are unknown. Mice received daily DCAPC by inhaling 5%/10%/20% CO2 for various durations (three cycles of 10- or 20-min CO2 inhalation/10-min break) at days 3 –7, 7–21, or 3–21 after photothrombotic stroke. Grid-walk, cylinder, and gait tests were used to assess motor function. DCAPC with all CO2 concentrations signi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MYPT1SMKO Mice Function as a Novel Spontaneous Age- and Hypertension-Dependent Animal Model of CSVD
AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common progressive vascular disease that causes vascular dementia. Aging and hypertension are major contributors to CSVD, but the pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear, mainly due to the lack of an ideal animal model. Our previous study revealed that vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) knockout (MYPT1SMKO) leads to constant hypertension, prompting us to explore whether hypertensive MYPT1SMKO mice can be considered a novel CSVD animal model. Here, we found that MYPT1SMKO mice displayed age-dependent CSVD-like ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Changes in Adhesion and the Expression of Adhesion Molecules in PBMCs after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Relation to Cerebral Vasospasm
In conclusion, our results confirm that after aSAH, monocyte count and adhesion of PBMCs increase, especially in patients with VSP, and that the expression of several adhesion molecules is altered. These observations can help predict VSP and to improve the treatment of this pathology. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Real-time Elastography and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluating Adventitia in the Early Diagnosis of Vulnerable Plaques: an Exploratory Study Based on Histopathology
AbstractVulnerable plaque is closely related to the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Therefore, early accurate identification of plaque vulnerability is crucial in risk stratification. In the development of vulnerable plaques, the change of the adventitia is earlier than that of the intima. Currently, researchers focused on the ultrasound detection of intraplaque and intima, but adventitia was often ignored in the examination. Real-time elastography technology (RTE) provides an estimation of adventitia stiffness, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) provides the quantification of adventitial VV. Therefore, we aimed to eva...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum Interleukin-1 Levels Are Associated with Intracranial Aneurysm Instability
This study aimed to investigate whether IL-1 could discriminate the unstable IAs (ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) and symptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs)) from stable, asymptomatic UIAs. IA tissues and blood samples from 35 RIA patients and 35 UIA patients were collected between January 2017 and June 2020 as the derivation cohort. Blood samples from 211 patients with UIAs were collected between January 2021 and June 2022 as the validation cohort (including 63 symptomatic UIAs). Blood samples from 35 non-cerebral-edema meningioma patients (non-inflammatory control) and 19 patients with unknown-cause ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways
AbstractEarly brain injury (EBI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis for patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), particularly learning and memory deficits in the repair phase. A recent report has involved calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the pathophysiological process underlying SAH-induced EBI. Alpha-asarone (ASA), a major compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbAcorus tatarinowii Schott, was proven to reduce secondary brain injury by decreasing CaMKII over-phosphorylation in rats ’ model of intracerebral hemorrhage in our previous report. However, the effect of ASA o...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Targeted Metabolomic Biomarkers for Stroke Subtyping
ConclusionsWe observed significant differences in metabolite profiles in LAA and CE strokes. Targeted metabolomics may provide enhanced diagnostic yield for stroke subtypes. The pathophysiological pathways of the identified metabolites should be explored in future studies. (Source: Translational Stroke Research)
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Pilot Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Neuroprotective Studies in Female Rodent Models of Ischemic Stroke
AbstractMost ischemic stroke (IS) patients go untreated due to limited treatment windows, restrictive eligibility criteria, and poor availability of current clinical therapies. Neuroprotective treatments targeting protracted neurodegeneration are needed yet keep failing in clinical trials. Over half of IS patients are female, and the scarcity of neuroprotective studies using female animals hinders translational success. This pilot review and meta-analysis assessed the relationship between the risk of bias and efficacy of studies testing post-ischemic neuroprotective therapies using female rodent models of IS. We carried ou...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Anti-Apoptotic Effects of AMPA Receptor Antagonist Perampanel in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
This study was aimed to investigate if acute neuronal apoptosis is induced by activation of AMPA ( α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate) receptors (AMPARs) and inhibited by a clinically available selective AMPAR antagonist and antiepileptic drug perampanel (PER) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and if the mechanisms include upregulation of an inflammation-related matricellular prot ein periostin. Sham-operated and endovascular perforation SAH mice randomly received an administration of 3 mg/kg PER or the vehicle intraperitoneally. Post-SAH neurological impairments and increased caspase-dependent neuronal ap...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research