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C-Reactive Protein in Bipolar Disorder and Unipolar Depression
This study aimed to explore the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the pathological mechanism and differential diagnoses of bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). We tested serum CRP levels of 176 BD and 86 UD patients, and 82 healthy controls (HCs), at acute and remission phases. In the acute phase, CRP levels were higher in BD than in UD patients and HC, and lower in UD patients than in HC. The CRP levels of BD patients in a manic episode were higher than those of HC; in a depressive or mixed episode, they were comparable to those of HC. The CRP levels of BD and UD patients during an acute depressive episod...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Theory of Planned Behavior: Exploring the Use of Digital Mental Health Interventions in Israel
Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aimed to examine factors influencing therapist uptake of digital mental health interventions in Israel. Two hundred twenty-nine mental health professionals recruited through a convenience sample completed a background and demographic questionnaire, as well as the TPB-based electronic-therapy attitudes and process questionnaire. Regressions were used to examine the contribution of attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions. Intention to use and use of digital interventions were significantly predicted by attitudes, subjective...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Wanting, Liking, and Missing Out: Exploring the Role of Reward Functioning in the Overlap Between PTSD and Depression
Diminished reward functioning (anhedonia) is an aspect of multiple psychiatric diagnoses and is a critical component of depression, yet it has rarely been examined in the context of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Deficits in reward function may be a transdiagnostic factor contributing to the high rate of comorbidity between PTSD and depression. The present study examined the commonality and distinction between PTSD and depression and their relationship to reward functioning using a bifactor model in a sample of 106 trauma-exposed undergraduates. Results indicated a strong commonality factor between PTSD and depressi...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Factors Related to Passive Social Withdrawal and Active Social Avoidance in Schizophrenia
Social withdrawal in schizophrenia may be a result of “passive” motivation (reduced drive to engage) or “active” motivation (increased drive to avoid). We conducted a cross-sectional, between-subjects study using self-report measures and social cognition tasks to evaluate the relationships between motivational subtypes, social abilities, and social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum (n = 52, ages 19–34). Regression models showed significant differences in passive and active withdrawal. Passive, but not active, motivation predicted social functioning as measured by a clinical interview. This suggests that motiv...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Use and Safety of Leave From an Acute Inpatient Psychiatry Unit: A Retrospective Review of Pass Outcomes for 4 Years
Leave passes provide authorized leave for hospitalized patients from a psychiatric inpatient unit. Although providing day passes was once a relatively common practice, there are relatively few data describing their safety and efficacy. This descriptive study examines the use of leave passes in an adult inpatient unit at a university hospital between 2017 and 2021, with attention to reasons for granting the day pass, duration, and outcome of the pass. During the study period, 10 patients with primary psychotic or mood disorders received 12 passes for housing coordination, COVID-19 vaccination, or major family events. There ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Psychological Benefits of Cosmetic Surgery
The objective of this review is to shed light on the literature regarding the psychological impact of invasive cosmetic surgery and to discuss future implications for research and clinical practice. Articles published through October 2021 were reviewed to answer the question, “Does cosmetic surgery improve a patient's overall psychological health?” Psychological well-being was examined through the lens of body image, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression scores. The studies revealed that although cosmetic surgery seems to boost patients' body image, other crucial aspects of psychological well-being may or may not simila...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

The Diagnosis of Burnout: Some Challenges
Burnout is a topic of high public and research interest, but debate remains as to how the syndrome should best be defined, measured, and diagnosed. In this article, we overview how issues relating to burnout's definition and measurement as well as the debate surrounding its overlap with depression have led to ambiguity surrounding its diagnostic status. We argue for a broader conceptualization of burnout and detail why we position it as distinct from depression, before providing recommendations for clinicians when considering a burnout diagnosis. We highlight that all measures of burnout risk “false-positive” diagnoses...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - July 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Clinical Controversies Source Type: research

Decreased Empathy Response to Other’s Pain in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
We aimed to investigate pain empathy ability and self-reported empathy among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-four parents of children with ASD and 26 parents of typically developing children completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) self-report scale and responded to painful or neutral images during an empathy-for-pain paradigm test. Parents of children with ASD had lower EQ scores, lower accuracy, and longer reaction time (RT) for pain empathy task response (all p (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Association Between Binge-Watching Behavior and Psychological Problems Among Adolescents
This study aims to investigate the relationship between binge-watching addiction and family, emotional, conduct, cognitive and anger control problems, hyperactivity, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV)–ADHD Index, DSM-IV–Inattention, and DSM-IV–Hyperactivity Impulsivity in a large sample of healthy Turkish adolescents. The association between binge-watching behavior addiction and mood disorders in healthy adolescents was examined in this cross-sectional study conducted in Turkey. Participants completed both measures, The Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire and The Conners-We...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Screen Time and Mental Health Among Adolescents: Implications of the Rise in Digital Environment in South Africa
The rise in use of digital technology among adolescents is unquestionable, with few studies having explored the effect of screen time on mental or behavior challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the extent of screen time and its associations with mental/behavior challenges in South Africa. A multisite study was conducted among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years from three government schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Measures included depressive symptoms (using Patient Health Questionnaire-9), behavioral problems (using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and screen time (using Children's Leisu...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Investigation of the Relationship Between the Alexithymic Characteristics of Secondary Students and Their Childhood Maltreatment Experiences
This research is a descriptive study aiming at revealing the difference between alexithymia levels and childhood period trauma experience levels according to variables discussed, of students who study in different high schools. In the study, quantitative method and relational survey model have been used. Five hundred ninety-nine students (57.3% female, 42.7% male) studying in 7 different high schools located in a city in the Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey in 2018–2019 school year constitutes the study group of the research. A proper sampling method has been used to determine the study group. In the scope of the ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Nonclinical Samples of Chinese and Pakistani Trauma-Exposed Adults: Factor Structure and Invariance Across Culture
The purpose of the current study was to examine the latent structure and cross-cultural measurement validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms assessed by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Participants comprised trauma-exposed Chinese and Pakistani undergraduate students (N = 495 and N = 186, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that a seven-factor hybrid model involving intrusion, avoidance, negative affect, anhedonia, externalizing behaviors, anxious arousal, and dysphoric arousal factors provided good fit in both samples....
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Childhood Trauma Associations With the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide and Social Cognitive Biases in Psychotic Disorders
Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors (SI/SB) in people with psychosis. The interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) suggests that there are four factors that increase suicide risk: thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, acquired capacity for suicide, and hopelessness. The IPTS constructs and social cognitive biases are associated with SI/SB in psychotic disorders. However, the role of CT in IPTS constructs and social cognitive biases has not been examined in psychosis. In an outpatient community sample of persons with psychotic disorders (N = 96) assessed with the ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Psychological Distress Profiles of Young Adults With Vulnerable Narcissism Traits
The current study hypothesizes a mediating role for shame in the association between vulnerable narcissism (VN) and depressive and social anxiety symptoms. A sample of 600 undergraduates was administered psychometrically sound self-reports to assess the study variables. Structural Equation Modeling supported the mediating effect of shame in the association between VN and depressive symptoms, irrespective of the way VN was assessed (i.e., Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale [HSNS] or Pathological Narcissism Inventory). Conversely, shame did not mediate the association with social anxiety when VN was assessed through the (HSNS)....
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Adolescent Social Functioning Deficits in Association With Adoptive Family Functioning and Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia
Social functioning deficits (SFDs) during adolescence represent potential vulnerability indicators to schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but little is known about how both family environmental and genetic factors contribute to SFDs. The aim of this study was to examine the association of adoptees' adolescent social functioning with adoptive family functioning and adoptees' high (HR) or low (LR) genetic risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The present subsample from the nationwide Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia included 88 HR and 83 LR adoptees. Adolescent social functioning was assessed using UCLA Soci...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research