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Masturbation as a Cause of “Sexual Neurasthenia”: Anton Chekhov's Medical Report (1883)
This report gives us detailed information about the treatment of a patient allegedly experiencing the effects of masturbation, and thus reflects the medical discourse on masturbation in Russia in the early 1880s. It shows that although the international debate on the causes of neurasthenia had just begun, the concept of neurasthenia toward masturbation had already been put into practice at the Moscow University Clinic in 1883. (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Persistence of Attitude Changes After Near-Death Experiences: Do They Fade Over Time?
The aim of this study was to compare attitude changes reported by people who described near-death experiences (NDEs) at two periods two decades apart, to ascertain whether the attitude changes persisted over time. Participants completed the Life Changes Inventory (LCI) upon entry into the study and again two decades later, and the NDE Scale to quantify depth of the experience. Sixty-three participants (mean age at entry into study, 46 ± 10 years) had scores on the NDE Scale typical of other near-death experiencers. Scores on the LCI showed significant changes in attitudes toward life and death both on entry into the study...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Changes in Defense Mechanisms in Mothers From Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpregnancy
The objective of this study was to assess changes in maternal defensive functioning from the third trimester of pregnancy to 2 years postpregnancy. A community sample of at-risk mothers (N = 84; non-White [61%], unmarried [67%], high school or less education [72%], and income less than $20,000 [50%]) were recruited for this longitudinal study. Mothers responded to a semistructured interview during pregnancy and at 2 years postpregnancy about the parent-infant relationship; interview transcripts were coded using the Defense Mechanism Rating Scale (DMRS). Results indicated a significant increase in both total defense mechani...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Symptoms of Paranoia Experienced by Students of Pakistani Heritage in England: The Role of Explicit and Implicit Identities and Perceived Discrimination
We examined whether the relationship between perceived discrimination and paranoia was moderated by explicit and implicit Pakistani/English identification among students of Pakistani heritage (N = 119). Participants completed measures of explicit and implicit Pakistani and English identity, a measure of perceived discrimination, and a measure of paranoia. Perceived discrimination was the strongest predictor of paranoia (0.31). Implicit identities moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and paranoia (−0.17). The findings suggest that higher levels of implicit Pakistani identity were most protective aga...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Searching for Certainty During a Pandemic: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Moderating Role of Media Consumption on the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms During COVID-19
The current study longitudinally examined the moderating effects of consuming different types of media (i.e., formal [news] and informal [social media, WhatsApp]) in the association among COVID-19–related worries, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Data were collected at two time points during July and September 2020, with approximately 60 days between measurements. Results showed that both COVID-19–related worries and IU were found to be positively associated with PTSSs. An interaction with formal media consumption was found, so that when one's formal media consumption was high...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Predictors of Implicit and Explicit Internalized Stigma in a Sample With Different Mental Illness Diagnoses
This research aimed to study implicit and explicit internalized stigma and its relationship with other variables in a sample of people with distinct mental illness diagnoses (N = 160). Descriptive analysis, mean differences, correlations, and stepwise regression models were conducted. Implicit and explicit internalized stigma was found throughout the sample with differences depending on certain sociodemographic variables. Regression models revealed symptomatology, physical environment, personality traits, references to mental illness, and the time taken to seek professional help as predictors of explicit internalized stigm...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia, Part II: Phenomenological Qualities and Evolution
Hallucination is defined in the diagnostic systems as an experience resembling true perception without causal stimulus. In this second report from an in-depth phenomenological study of schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), we focused on the phenomenological qualities of AVHs. We found that a substantial proportion of patients could not clearly distinguish between thinking and hallucinating. The emotional tone of the voices increased in negativity. AVHs became more complex. Spatial localization was ambiguous and only 10% experienced only external hallucinations. There was an overlap with...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Metacognitive Training to Improve Insight and Work Outcome in Schizophrenia
Individuals with psychotic disorders have deficits in metacognition. Thirty-four adults with schizophrenia were randomized to 2 months of metacognitive training (MCT) or a healthy living skills control group. All participants were enrolled in a work therapy program, followed by a supported employment program. Assessments were conducted at baseline, at the end of the 2-month active intervention, and at 4- and 12-month follow-ups. At the end of active intervention, the MCT group demonstrated greater improvement and better work behavior relative to controls. At follow-up, the MCT group demonstrated significantly greater insig...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Stigma as a Source of Stress for Adolescent Mothers and Their Babies
This article reviews manifestations of social stigma in our communities, in the offices of professionals, and in policies that embed bias in our social systems. The impact of inequity has been vividly revealed over the course of the global pandemic. We review findings related to interventions associated with better outcomes and offer suggestions for more humane care and policies. (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Adding Insult to Injury: The Accumulation of Stigmatizing Language on Individuals With Lived Experience of Self-Injury
Language is a powerful form of communication that not only conveys ideas and knowledge but also can assign meaning and value to the world around us. As such, language has the power to shape our attitudes toward individuals, behaviors, and ideas, by labeling them (indirectly or not) as “good” or “bad.” In this way, language can be used to propagate stigma and other unhelpful attitudes toward individuals who already experience stigma. One behavior that may be particularly prone to the impact of unhelpful language is nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). In this article, we draw on Staniland's NSSI stigma framework to demon...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Clinical Presentation of Adult Women With Eating Disorders
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - August 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Unintentional Weight Loss in Adults 65 Years or Older: A Symptom of Physical and Psychiatric Etiologies
We present the case of a 69-year-old woman who lost 10 kg in 2 months. She had anhedonia, mobility limitations, and incontinence. Her Mini Nutritional Assessment score indicated malnutrition, whereas her Geriatric Depression Scale score indicated a diagnosis of MDD. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed intensely increased FDG uptake in the muscles adjacent to the right and left mandibular rami and the temporal muscle, compatible with jaw clenching associated with the patient's MDD. Subsequent temporal muscle biopsy did not suggest the causes of malignant disorders, d...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - August 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research

From Mushrooms to Myolysis: A Case of Rhabdo in Psilocybin-Induced Mood and Psychotic Disorder
In this report, we expand on this relationship by documenting the development of substance-induced psychosis in a young patient who used a large amount of psilocybin and developed symptoms of a first psychotic and manic episode, complicated by violent behavior and rhabdomyolysis. We further evaluate the association between psilocybin use and rhabdomyolysis and explore this understudied phenomenon and differentiate it from the diagnoses of other hyperactive syndromes seen in psychiatry. This case exemplifies the need for increased vigilance in psilocybin microdosing therapy and for physicians to be mindful of how each patie...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - August 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research

The Association of Psychological Stressors With Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: Findings From the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2017–2019
In this study, in comparison with unmarried pregnant women, married pregnant women had a 67% lower chance of currently using cannabis. Racially, Hispanic pregnant women had 3 to 4 times higher odds for current use of cannabis as compared with the other races. Preventing cannabis use and its adverse effects by screening pregnant women could be part of the current strategy for reducing cannabis use. (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - August 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Evaluation of Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Children Diagnosed With COVID-19
COVID-19 has affected individuals of all age groups, both physically and mentally. We aimed to determine anxiety and depression in children diagnosed with COVID-19. Fifty children aged 8 to 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. The children were evaluated the revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, STAI form TX-I (state anxiety inventory), and STAI form TX-II (trait anxiety inventory). Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire was applied for one of the parents according to three different periods. The periods were established as before the pandemic, during the illness-quarantine process, and after the qu...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - August 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research