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Structural Racism and Psychiatric Practice: A Call for Sustained Change
Structural racism has received renewed focus over the past year, fueled by the convergence of major political and social events. Psychiatry as a field has been forced to confront a legacy of systemic inequities. Here, we use examples from our clinical and supervisory work to highlight the urgent need to integrate techniques addressing racial identity and racism into psychiatric practice and teaching. This urgency is underlined by extensive evidence of psychiatry's long-standing systemic inequities. We argue that our field suffers not from a lack of available techniques, but rather a lack of sustained commitment to understa...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

JNMD Editorial Board 2022
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - January 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Author Index Volume 209
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Author Index Source Type: research

Subject Index Volume 209
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Subject Index Source Type: research

“Sleeping Beauty Syndrome” and Psychosis as Precursory Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Rare Case and Literature Review
We describe the case of a 22-year-old man who had previously been hospitalized because a single psychotic episode alongside symptoms of Kleine-Levin syndrome and a diagnosis of “acute and transient psychotic disorders.” Two years later, he was diagnosed with MS. A literature review of the possibility of a psychiatric episode overshadowing an MS diagnosis is then presented. Clinicians should always consider the possibility of an underlying organicity in a case of psychiatric presentation with atypical features, with special attention being given during the investigation process. This approach will lead to the early diag...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Long Sleep Duration Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
We aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and impaired cognitive function in different cognitive domains in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. A total of 1591 participants (≥60 years) were divided into five groups: ≤6 hours (very short sleep duration),>6 to 7 hours (short sleep duration), ≥7 to 8 hours (moderate sleep duration),>8 to 9 hours (moderately long sleep duration), and>9 hours (long sleep duration), according to sleep duration. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Long sleep duration significantly increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment. In...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Resilience and Hope Among Yazidi Women Released From ISIS Enslavement
This study aimed to explore the levels of resilience and hope among Yazidi women who survived captivity by Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and to examine its relationship with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 139 formerly enslaved Yazidi women were assessed. The mean scores of resilience and hope were below the suggested cutoff means (M = 2.47, SD = 0.48, R = 1–5) and (M = 31.6, SD = 11.7, R = 8–64), respectively. Sociodemographic variables were not related to resilience and hope, other than those women who stayed in captivity for ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Theory of Mind in Somatization and Depression: Is It Cause or Phenomenon?
In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between somatic and depressive symptoms with mentalization. A total of 48 patients diagnosed with SSD, 50 patients diagnosed with MDD, and 50 healthy individuals, participated the study. The Montgomery-Asperg Depression Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) were applied to the participants. The patients with SSD showed significantly the lowest performance of theory of mind. There was no significant difference between MDD and healthy controls. High somatization score was found to be a predictor for low RMET scores (95% confidence...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Can Temperament and Character Traits Be Used in the Diagnostic Differentiation of Children With ADHD?
In this study, it was aimed to determine the contributions of temperament and character traits to the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Thirty-six patients between the ages of 9 and 14 with a diagnosis of combined type ADHD and 39 healthy children were included in the study. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children–Present and Lifetime Version–Turkish Version and the Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale parent form were used to assess hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness, and comorbid disorders. The Junior Tempera...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Impact of Trauma Type on Startle Reactivity to Predictable and Unpredictable Threats
Trauma exposure has been repeatedly linked to psychophysiological threat reactivity, although the directionality of this association has been inconsistent. Several factors likely contribute to inconsistent findings including type of trauma and threat paradigm. The present study therefore examined the impact of trauma type on psychophysiological reactivity to predictable (P-) and unpredictable (U-) threat in young adults (N = 112). Participants were classified into three groups: history of interpersonal or noninterpersonal trauma, or no history of trauma. Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded during a well-validated th...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Impact of COVID-19 Mitigation Efforts on Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Patient-Centered Perspective
This study aimed to explore the experiences of adults with SMI navigating these altered systems during the pandemic. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 hospitalized adults with SMI in the fall of 2020; they were coded using thematic analysis. Most participants found the new systems effective at meeting their essential needs. However, several reported significant unmet needs, including inability to access mental health care and public benefits. These participants lacked identification documents, housing, and/or a personal device. Although none of the participants used telemedicine before COVID-19, most reported no o...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Characteristics and Outcomes of Psychiatric Inpatients With Severe Mental Illness and COVID-19: Experience From a COVID-19-Specific Acute Psychiatric Ward in Istanbul
Recent studies indicated that psychiatric inpatients with severe mental illness (SMI) are at a greater risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. However, there is still little data about the impact of comorbid COVID-19 infection on the course and outcome of acute exacerbations in this population. We conducted a prospective historically matched case control study. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of acute psychiatric inpatients with SMI and comorbid COVID-19 (n = 21) were compared with those of historically-matched non-COVID-19 controls with SMI (n = 42). The outcomes for acute inpatients with SMI and ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Insight Into Illness and Psychological Defense Attitudes in People With Chronic Schizophrenia Using Markova's Insight Scale
Insight into illness is a multidimensional phenomenon, and various assessments are available. We focused on Markova's Insight Scale (IS) and investigated the relationship between insight, psychological defenses, and neurocognition in 38 patients with schizophrenia. Results showed that insight was significantly correlated with an immature defense style. Moreover, IS was significantly predicted by immature defense style after adjusting for clinical variables. Although insight is often assumed to be multidetermined with potential contributions from factors such as cognitive function and psychological defensive mechanisms, our...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Preliminary Evidence for Heterogeneity of Beliefs About Auditory Verbal Hallucinations Intent
Perceptions of patient's auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), commonly termed voices, have important impacts on their everyday lives. Despite research emphasizing the consequences of malevolent voices, preliminary results suggest that beliefs about voices may not be mutually exclusive. As such, we aimed to characterize the heterogeneity of beliefs about AVHs and describe their clinical correlates. We recruited 78 patients referred to a Voices group therapy for refractory and distressing voices. Based on the Revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire, clustering analysis yielded four subgroups of patients with distinct pa...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Traumatized Refugees in Psychotherapy: Long-Term Changes in Personality, Mental Health, Well-Being, and Exile Life Functioning
This pre- and posttreatment study of 22 severely traumatized adult refugees spanned a mean of 6.5 years. Changes in personality functioning, mental health, and well-being were examined using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25, and the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life–BREF questionnaire. A paired samples t-test revealed significant improvement after psychotherapy in traumatic ideation and initial severe disruptions in thought processes, reality testing, perception, self and other representations, and relational capacity (Cohen’s d = 0.46...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - December 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research