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Religious Involvement and DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders Among African-Americans
This study examined the relationship between eight measures of religious involvement and five anxiety disorders among a nationally representative sample of African-Americans (N = 3403). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess 12-month and lifetime prevalence for each disorder. Logistic regression indicated weekly service attendance was inversely associated with 12-month and lifetime panic disorder, lifetime agoraphobia, and 12-month and lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prayer was inversely assoc...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Morbidity and Associated Factors of Depressive Disorder in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder and is commonly comorbid with depression. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess morbidity and associated factors of depression in patients with PD. In total, 181 patients with PD were enrolled and assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Of the sample, 51% had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The most prevalent psychiatric disorder was depressive disorder (27.6%), followed by rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (9.9%), insomnia disorder (8.8%), and adjustment disorder (2.8%). Severity of anxiety, suicide r...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Prognostic Value of Pathological Personality Traits for Treatment Outcome in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: The Leiden Routine Outcome Monitoring Study
This study assessed the prognostic value of PPT (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology–Short Form) on treatment outcome (Brief Symptom Inventory [BSI-posttreatment]) among patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders (N = 5689). Baseline symptom level (BSI-pretreatment) was taken into account as a mediator or moderator variable. Results showed significant effects of PPT on outcome, of which Emotional Dysregulation demonstrated the largest association (β = 0.43, p (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Relationship Among Anxiety Sensitivity, Psychache, and Suicidality in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychache and anxiety sensitivity with suicidality in patients with GAD. We included 80 patients with GAD (17 of whom had previous suicide attempts). The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSIS), Psychache Scale (PS), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI) were applied to the participants. The patients with previous suicide attempts had significantly higher scores on ASI total, ASI-physical and cognitive subdimensions, HAM-A total and psychic subscale, PS, and BSIS than those without (p (Source: ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Virtual Reality in Treatment for Psychological Problems in First-Line Health Care Professionals Fighting COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Series
We described four cases of first-line health care professionals with emerging clinically significant early psychological problems during the COVID-19 outbreak, and specifically received the VRT treatment. We compared the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), PHQ-15, and Athens Insomnia Scale to evaluate psychological symptoms and sleep quality before and after sessions. All four cases showed a reduction in scale comparison. General scores of the PHQ-9 reduced 65%, GAD-7 reduced 52.17%, PHQ-15 decreased 38.17%, and scores of the Athens Insomnia Scale reduced 67.44%. Meanwhile,...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Contrasting the Social Cognitive and Metacognitive Capacities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders Enrolled in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Unique deficits in synthetic metacognition have been found in schizophrenia when compared with other psychiatric conditions and community controls. Although persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display similar deficits in social cognition relative to those with schizophrenia, to date no study has compared metacognitive function between these groups. We aimed to compare the metacognitive capacities of persons with schizophrenia and ASD and their associations with other outcomes (neurocognition, social cognition, depression, and quality of life). Fifty-six outpatients with schizophrenia or ASD (mean age, 32.50 [9.05]...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Patient-, Hospital-, and System-Level Factors Associated With 30-Day Readmission After a Psychiatric Hospitalization
This study estimated 30-day readmission rates in a large cohort of inpatient psychiatric admissions in New York State and examined how these rates varied by patient, hospital, and service system characteristics. Data were obtained from Medicaid claims records, and clinician, hospital, and region data, for individuals with a diagnosis of any mental disorder admitted to psychiatric inpatient units in New York State from 2012 to 2013. Psychiatric readmission was defined as any unplanned inpatient stay with a mental health diagnosis with an admission date within 30 days of being discharged. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Persons Who Engage in Self-Harm While in the Emergency Department: A Case-Control Analysis
Some patients engage in self-harm behaviors while in the emergency department. Risk factors for self-harm have been described for inpatient and outpatient/community settings, but not among emergency department patients. Authors conducted case-control, retrospective reviews of medical records and incident reports for emergency department patients in two academic medical centers. Variables were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. There were 113 individuals who engaged in self-harm while in the emergency department and 226 individuals who did not. Four variables were significant in the final model: a history of no...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Psychiatrists' Cognitive and Affective Biases and the Practice of Psychopharmacology: Why Do Psychiatrists Differ From One Another in How They View and Prescribe Certain Medication Classes?
This article explores how such biases might specifically affect psychiatrists' attitudes and prescribing patterns regarding two medication classes (stimulants and benzodiazepines) and addresses related issues. To supplement personal observations, selective PubMed narrative literature searches were conducted using relevant title/abstract terms, followed by snowballing for additional pertinent titles. Acknowledging that there are many more types of biases, we describe and use clinical vignettes to illustrate 17 cognitive and affective biases that might influence clinicians' psychopharmacological practices. Factors possibly u...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - October 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Innovative Stigma and Discrimination Reduction Programs Across the World.: A.H. Nordstrom and W. Goodfriend, Eds. (2022) New York: Routledge.
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Book Review Source Type: research

Psychotic Symptoms After SARS-CoV-2 Infection
This case series reports three middle-aged male patients with no prior history of psychiatric disorders who developed psychotic symptoms with manic characteristics after COVID-19 infection. They presented mystic and paranoid delusions associated with euphoria, logorrheic, insomnia, and bizarre behaviors. Two of them required psychiatric hospitalization and one received corticosteroids. Treatment with antipsychotic medication improved their symptoms in a few weeks. This case series reports the new-onset psychosis probably due to COVID-19 infection. Pathogenetic speculation about the probable causes of COVID-19 psychosis, su...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

War, Participants and Victims of Armed Conflicts, and Hostilities Rehabilitation: A Comment on the Report from Ukraine
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Emotion Management for College Students: Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Emotion Management Intervention on Emotional Regulation and Resilience of College Students
This study is a randomized control trial intended to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based emotion management interventions and to test their effects on the mood state and resilience of college students. A total of 72 students were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. Thirty-six students in the intervention group received a modified mindfulness-based emotion management intervention once per week for 4 weeks, with each intervention having a duration of 80 minutes. Participants were assessed by questionnaires to measure mindfulness level, emotion, and resilience before a...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

An Intervention Framework for Addressing Stigma on College Campuses: Findings From a 3-Year-Long Intervention Program
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will only exacerbate the rising mental health concerns among college students. However, stigma toward such concerns continues to hinder mental health care utilization among the students, requiring urgent evidence that can help guide college campuses in implementing effective antistigma interventions. We propose and provide evidence for an intervention based on findings from a 3-year-long antistigma intervention that was implemented on a Southeastern college campus in the United States. Unique random samples of college students, totaling N = 1727 across 3 years, were recruited as participants. ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

It Is Not What Happens to You But How You React to It That Matters: PTSD as a Moderator of the Association Between Trauma and Impulsive Behaviors
We examined the moderating role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the association between trauma and impulsive behaviors. Adult women (N = 97) with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA; n = 26), rape in adulthood (n = 21), both CSA and adult rape (n = 25), or no history of sexual trauma (n = 25) completed self-report questionnaires. PTSD symptoms were positively associated with self-harm and with stealing and accident proneness, but not with sexual impulsivity. Trauma group had no independent associations with impulsive behaviors. PTSD reexperiencing symptoms interacted with trauma group such that reexperienci...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - September 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research