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Positive Emotion Dysregulation Identifies Trauma-Exposed Community Individuals at Risk for Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Emotion dysregulation is associated with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, research in this area has focused almost exclusively on dysregulation stemming from negative emotions. The present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the associations between the specific domains of positive emotion dysregulation and both STBs and NSSI. Participants included 397 trauma-exposed community adults (Mage = 35.95; 57.7% female; 76.8% White). Results demonstrated significant associations between positive emotion dysregulation and both STBs and ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Women's Knowledge of Postpartum Anxiety Disorders, Depression, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Although awareness of postpartum depression (PPD) has increased, postpartum anxiety disorders (PPA) remain overlooked. Understanding women's knowledge of PPA and their effective treatments is needed given the underutilization of treatment and associated negative health outcomes. Two internet-based studies (OSF [https://osf.io/3fjvr] preregistered follow-up) were conducted to identify women's knowledge and familiarity with PPD and PPA and knowledge of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Study 1 revealed that women who were planning to become pregnant, pregnant, or recently postpartum (N = 218) were less familiar with PPA th...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Association Between Admission Anemia and Poststroke Depression
In conclusion, anemia at admission is associated with PSD seen in these patients 1 month later. Therefore, anemia is a possible predictor of PSD. (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Cigarette Smoking in an Acute Partial Hospital Program
This study explored demographic and clinical features, plus clinical outcomes, in a smoke-free acute partial hospital (PH) among current smokers, former smokers, and those who had never smoked (nonsmokers). Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried and unpartnered, unemployed, or receiving disability benefits. They had more prior inpatient (IP) and PH episodes. They also had more problems with interpersonal relationships, mood lability, psychosis, and substance use. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were more likely to miss PH treatment days and drop out. They also had l...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Work of Oskar Herzberg—Did Psychosis or the Residence in a Psychiatric Institution Serve as a Catalyst for Creativity?: A Thought-Provoking Impulse to Reconsider the Interrelationship Between Mental Illness and Art
In the 1920s, the Heidelberg psychiatrist and art historian Hans Prinzhorn collected pictorial works by “mentally ill people”—today’s Prinzhorn Collection. (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research

Reflections on US Psychiatry: How the Baton Was Passed From European Psychiatry and the Contributions of US Psychiatry
The medical model in psychiatry and descriptive psychopathology were established in Germany by Krapelin’s textbook and Jaspers’ General Psychopathology. In the United Kingdom, Mayer-Gross’ textbook synthesized both books, influencing US psychiatry. US psychiatrists from the World War II generation defeated the US academic psychoanalytic establishment by building three pillars: biological psychiatry (brought by Wortis), the psychopharmacology revolution, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition (DSM-III). The psychopharmacology revolution included immigrants (e.g., Gershon), Cole’s ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research

Psychiatry and the 21st Century: Reworking the DSM
After a long and torturous path, an elusive quest for structure and order may have misled the American Psychiatric Association to overexpand the scope of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) codification of mental disorders. The DSM and guidelines came to represent American psychiatry to the world. Although important for epidemiological and statistical research, in volume and complexity, the DSM challenges clinicians. The DSM effort at categorization must be reconceived to acknowledge modern biological realities. Molecular and other selective biological sciences no longer dominate biology as they did at the time of ...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Pregnancy
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research

A Salute to GAP
No abstract available (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - June 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Association Between Attachment Patterns and Personality Disorders: A Multimethod Multi-Informant Study Using a Clinical Sample
We investigated the association between personality disorders (PDs) and attachment patterns, and examined the construct validity of attachment patterns against adaptive functioning. We used a multimeasure multi-informant approach, which allowed us to disentangle the effects of the methods and to examine the utility of the various methods for measuring these constructs. The participants included 80 clinicians and 170 clinical outpatients, recruited via convenience sampling. Results showed that secure attachment was positively associated with adaptive functioning, whereas insecure patterns were negatively associated with ada...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - April 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

National Prevalence Rates of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Adults With and Without Depression
Using the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, this study examined the US national prevalence rates of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) among four demographic adult groups (race-sex, age, education, and marital status) with and without major depressive episode (MDE). The highest prevalence rates of SI for those with and without MDE occurred among adults 18 to 25 years, with some college education, White females and males, and unmarried and never been married. Among the same demographic groups, proportions of SA were also the highest for those with MDE. A Pearson chi-square test confirmed significant...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - April 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Differential Association of Spirituality and Religiosity With Rumination: Implications for the Treatment of Depression
Recent studies have shown that religiosity (R) is associated with lower rates of depression, whereas spirituality (S) is associated with higher rates. Rumination has also been associated with higher rates of depression. Some have hypothesized that rumination mediates the differential association of religiosity and spirituality with depression. We empirically test this hypothesis in a longitudinal, multigenerational sample through associations between rumination and depression, R/S and depression, and R/S and rumination. Cross-sectionally, total rumination scores were predicted by spirituality (standardized β = 0.13; 95% c...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - April 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Health-Promoting Leadership During an Infectious Disease Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Study of US Soldiers Deployed to Liberia
We examined whether health-promoting leadership contributes to these outcomes in a population of active-duty soldiers (N = 173) deployed to provide nonmedical support in Liberia during the 2014 Ebola epidemic using data reported in Sipos, Kim, Thomas, and Adler (Mil Med 183[3–4]:e171–e178, 2018). Soldiers completed surveys assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, sleep problems, burnout, morale, and attitudes and rated their leaders on health-promoting behaviors. Using mixed-effects logistic regression, health-promoting leadership focused on psychological health was associated with decreased...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - April 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Metacognition Mediates the Relationship Between Maladaptive Personality Traits and Levels of Personality Functioning: A General Investigation on a Nonclinical Sample
In this study, we tested a mediation model of the interactions between these variables on predicting levels of personality functioning in a sample of adults taken from the general population (N = 775). Results showed that the relationship between personality traits and personality functioning is partially mediated by metacognitive abilities. These findings support the hypothesis that metacognition plays a significant role in predicting the levels of impairment in personality functioning. These findings have several clinical implications. (Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease)
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - April 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Storying the Past and the Future: Agency and Communion Themes Among Individuals With Schizophrenia and Depression
Research has linked disturbances in narrative identity with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. One such disturbance is diminished agency and communion themes in past life stories. However, projecting oneself into the future is also central to identity and potentially impacts recovery. Hence, we examined themes of agency and communion in both past and future life stories and related themes to psychosocial functioning in 20 individuals with schizophrenia, 20 individuals with depressive disorder, and 19 nonpsychiatric controls. Participants were asked to describe up to 10 past and future chapters in their life sto...
Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease - April 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research