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Primary neurological manifestations of HIV in children
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes various diseases in different age groups. Neurological manifestations of HIV are common and add to morbidity and mortality. It was previously thought that the central nervous system (CNS) was involved only in the advanced stages of the disease. However, recent evidence supports pathological involvement of the CNS from initial viral entry. Some of the CNS manifestations in children share similarities to neurologic disorders of HIV-infected adult patients, while others are unique to the pediatric population. Many HIV-related neurologic complications seen in adults are rarely...
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jane Jackie David, Syed Ahmed Zaki, Preeti Shanbag Source Type: research

The risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusions: The risk of MTCT of HBV in Ethiopia widely varied by HBV/HIV coinfection. A sustainable control and elimination of HBV in Ethiopia requires improved access to birth-dose HBV vaccine and implement immunoglobulin prophylaxis for exposed infants. Given the limited health resources in Ethiopia, prenatal antiviral prophylaxis integrated with antenatal care may be a cost-effective approach to significantly reduce the risk of MTCT of HBV. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Belaynew W Taye, Girum Meseret Ayenew, Zewdu Wasie Taye, Melashu Balew, Eden Bishaw Taye Source Type: research

The global epidemic trend analysis of influenza type B drug resistance sites from 2006 to 2018
Conclusions: We found the D197N mutation in Clust04 of the 2018 influenza B virus, with a large number of N198, S295, K373, and K375 mutations in the helper sites around N197, N294, and R374 from 2006 to 2018. NA inhibitors are currently the only kind of specific antiviral agent for the influenza B virus, although these mutations cause mild NAIs resistance. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: He Li, Wei Dong, Jing Wang, Die Yu, Dan Qian, Lihuan Yue, Yaming Jiu, Yihong Hu Source Type: research

Adherence to HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in a specialized service in S ão Paulo, Brazil
Conclusions: Few users do attend HIV PEP consultations. The users without health insurance had the highest adherence percentage whereas work was mentioned as a reason for not attending HIV PEP consultations. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Marcos Morais Santos Silva, Luciane Sim ões Duarte, Lucia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata Source Type: research

Assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis severity indicators: radiological and clinical perspective
Conclusions: Morphological changes of sinus wall detected in CT could be a useful indicator of CRS severity. Changes in bone morphology are more likely to occur in patients with longer-lasting CRS. The presence of fungi, allergic inflammation of any origin and nasal polypus potentiates more severe forms of CRS both clinically and subjectively. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Biljana Markovic-Vasiljkovic, Aleksa Janovic, Svetlana Antic, Aleksandra Barac, Milos Bracanovic, Aleksandar Peric, Djurdja Bracanovic Source Type: research

Factors associated with multibacillary leprosy in a region of northeastern Brazil
Conclusions: The investigation revealed important associations between risk factors and multibacillary leprosy. The findings can be considered during the creation of strategies to control and combat the disease. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Janiel Concei ção da Silva, Rayanne Alves de Oliveira, Lívia Fernanda Siqueira Santos, Livia Maia Pascoal, Floriacy Stabnow Santos, Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus Costa, Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia Dias, Isaura Leticia Tavares Palmeira Rolim, Iolanda Source Type: research

Transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in Bejaia, Algeria: ten years retrospective and comparative study
Conclusions: HIV and syphilis prevalence have been variable, with significant peaks in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Globally, the low rates reported in this study confirm the effectiveness of the preventive policy applied by the health authorities. However, among the rural population, special attention is required to stem any resurgence of hepatitis C and syphilis. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ferhat Djoudi, Nadir Amir, Mohammed Tahar Chouikh Source Type: research

Sepsis biomarkers for early diagnosis of bacteremia in emergency department
Conclusions: Combination of tests such as combined 1 or combined 2 were highly predictive of bacteremia in adult septic patients. Combined 2 demonstrated the best predictive performance and could be utilized as a tool to assist diagnosis of bacteremia before culture results are available. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Neval Yurttutan Uyar, Ahmed Kerem Sayar, Ay şe Sesin Kocagöz, Muhittin Abdülkadir Serdar, Rehile Zengin, Zeynep Tuğçe Sarıkaya, Meltem Kilercik, Veysel Balcı, Mustafa Serteser Source Type: research

Nasopharyngeal melioidosis: a case report
A 12-year-old boy was admitted after 11 days of fever and 2 days of nasal obstruction as well as swelling of a right cervical lymph node. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography of the neck showed a nasopharyngeal mass occupying the entire nasopharynx, extending into the nasal cavity, and obliterating the fossa of Rosenmuller. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a small solitary splenic abscess. Although a nasopharyngeal tumor or malignancy was initially considered, biopsy of the mass showed only suppurative granulomatous inflammation, and bacterial culture from the enlarged cervical lymph node yieldedBurkholderia pseudomal...
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Anand Mohan, Lee-Chian Yeong, Guhan Kumarasamy, Kamilah Manan Source Type: research

Synergistic combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam against resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on pancreatitis
Conclusions: There are sparse data providing guidance on the optimal regimen against MDRS. maltophilia infections. Although in this case a surgical excision was essential, combination of ATM and CZA provided effective synergistic antimicrobial treatment with clinical cure of severe acute pancreatitis infected withS. maltophilia. The combined disk pre-diffusion test with ATM and CZA requires no special equipment and can be routinely performed in clinical microbiology labs. Combination of ATM with CZA should be considered for cases of MDRS. maltophilia infections with limited treatment options. (Source: The Journal of Infect...
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Nat ália de Almeida Torres, Ronaldo Morales Junior, Luis Fernando Bueno Lopes, Rogério Zeigler, David Everson Uip Source Type: research

Prevalence of intestinal parasites during pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center in Lebanon
Conclusions: These findings indicate an overall reduction in the prevalence of IPI during the post-covid period, though IPIs persistence remains high. This highlights the need for enhancing public health awareness efforts to improve hygiene and sanitation to reduce parasitic prevalence in Lebanon. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hani El Achkar, Lina Ghandour, Sarah Farran, George F Araj Source Type: research

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 G8790A polymorphisms are associated with COVID-19 severity
Conclusions: The findings indicated that the G allele ofACE2 G8790A was related to an enhanced risk of COVID-19 severity in Asians. One possible reason is thatACE2 G allele was associated with a COVID-19 cytokine storm. Furthermore, Asians have higher levels ofACE2 transcripts than Caucasians and Africans. Therefore, a genetic factor should be considered when developing vaccines in the future. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Yan Pan Source Type: research

Outcome of COVID-19 and tolerance of Remdesivir in patients with renal failure: a single center experience from Pakistan
Conclusions: COVID-19 in renal failure has a high risk for ICU admissions leading to increased mortality. Multiple comorbidities and raised inflammatory markers are predictors of poor outcomes. We observed no significant drug-related adverse effects, and none of our patients required discontinuation of RDV due to worsening renal function. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zaheer Udin Babar, Sunil Kumar Dodani, Asma Nasim, Jawahar Lal Langhani, Sanjay Kumar Badlani Source Type: research

A study of long COVID-19 in Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq
Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between long COVID-19 cases and age, gender, comorbidities, and duration of infection. The data of this report can be used as a baseline for studies that may help further understand long COVID-19 sequelae. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Salmas S Ahmed, Pawan I Adil, Narin A Rasheed, Nawfal R Hussein, Kuldeep Dhama Source Type: research

Relapse of Evans syndrome following BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine: case report and literature review
Conclusions: Although it is unclear whether the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and relapse of ES in our patient is coincidental or causal, it highlights the need for monitoring of serious outcomes following vaccination. (Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries)
Source: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries - June 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mirjana Cvetkovi ć, Nikola Pantić, Marijana Virijević, Zlatko Pravdić, Nikica Sabljić, Mirjana Mitrović, Nada Suvajdžić-Vuković Source Type: research