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Bone outcomes in virally suppressed youth with HIV switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Conclusion: South African ALWH switching from abacavir to TDF-based ART experienced statistically significant decreases in eGFR but not in LS and WBLH BMD. Female ALWH were more likely to experience a decrease in LS-BMD and may require closer monitoring. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - August 5, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Kate Braithwaite Source Type: research

Giant bacillary angiomatosis
No abstract available. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - July 20, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Jeremy Nel Source Type: research

Clinical, radiological, and laboratory predictors of a positive urine lipoarabinomannan test in sputum-scarce and sputum-negative patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in two Johannesburg hospitals
Conclusion: Urine LAM testing of hospitalised PLWH with suspected active TB had significant diagnostic utility in those that were sputum-scarce or sputum-negative. A LAM+ve result was associated with dTB, clinical and laboratory markers of severe illness, and TB-IRIS. Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection of hospitalised PLWH may also yield urine LAM+ve results, and mycobacterial cultures must be checked in those non-responsive to conventional TB treatment. Selective use of the LAM test in the critically ill is likely to maximise the diagnostic yield, improve the test ’s predictive value, and reduce the ti...
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - July 8, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Lior Chernick Source Type: research

Incidence of cardiometabolic diseases in a Lesotho HIV cohort: Evidence for policy decision-making
Conclusion: The incidence of CMD in this relatively young patient population is low yet noteworthy. We recommend that patients living with HIV and AIDS should be routinely screened for CMD. Higher BMI is generally associated with the occurrence of CMD. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - June 28, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Motlalepula Sebilo Source Type: research

Indicator-focussed technical assistance in South Africa ’s HIV programme: A stepped-wedge evaluation
Conclusion: Tailored TA interventions in SA using a standardised structure and process led to a significant improvement in retention-in-care rates and to non-significant improvements in the proportion of PLWH screened for TB and of those who completed their treatment. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - June 15, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Geoffrey A. Jobson Source Type: research

HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa: Highest burden, largest challenges, greatest potential
Conclusion: The elimination of HIV in ESA will require continued investment, commitment to evidence-based programmes and persistence. Local research is critical to ensuring that responses in ESA are targeted, efficient and evaluated. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - May 28, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Erica Parker Source Type: research

Prevalence of incidental premature cardiac calcifications in an HIV-infected South African population using conventional computed tomography chest radiography
Conclusion: The increased prevalence of incidentally detected cardiac calcifications in young HIV-infected individuals warrants further evaluation and cardiovascular risk stratification. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - May 13, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Luize Muller Source Type: research

Continuous quality improvement in HIV and TB services at selected healthcare facilities in South Africa
Conclusion: The observed improvements signal the effectiveness of the CQI approach, its capacity to rapidly improve under-performance, its high replicability and the need to provide quality maintenance support to sustain or improve healthcare facilities performing well. The study strongly underscores the need to improve the management of opportunistic infections and complications, particularly TB. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - May 12, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Sisanda Gaga Source Type: research

Determination of lopinavir/ritonavir concentrations in four different oral solutions for the application of antiretroviral therapy in very young, HIV-1-infected children
No abstract available. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - May 11, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Nils von Hentig Source Type: research

Pharmacogenetics of tenofovir and emtricitabine penetration into cerebrospinal fluid
Conclusion: No genetic polymorphisms were associated with plasma, CSF concentrations or CSF-to-plasma ratios for either tenofovir or emtricitabine. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - April 28, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Eric H. Decloedt Source Type: research

Urine lipoarabinomannan for rapid tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-infected adult outpatients in Khayelitsha
Conclusion: Availability of AlereLAM led to more patients initiating same-day TB treatment. Using both CD4 ≤ 100 and ‘seriously ill’ criteria gave the greatest yield. Results of this study have informed local policy design. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - April 26, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Bianca Sossen Source Type: research

Erratum: Unexpected low frequency of respiratory symptoms in an HIV-positive urban sub-Saharan population compared to an HIV-negative control group
No abstract available. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - April 19, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Maren Kummerow Source Type: research

Human immunodeficiency virus and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion: Whilst all persons ought to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, PLWH should be prioritised to minimise the risk of death because of COVID-19. The presence of HIV should be regarded as an important risk factor for future risk stratification of COVID-19. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - April 15, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Timotius I. Hariyanto Source Type: research

Undisclosed exposure to antiretrovirals prior to treatment initiation: An exploratory analysis
Conclusion: Antiretroviral levels in the hair of individuals initiating treatment imply prolonged prior-exposure to that ARV. The presence of ARV in plasma and hair of persons living with HIV (PLWH) who deny ARV-use, requires an explanation. A larger study at multiple sites and regular DR surveillance of ART-na ïve PLWH will be necessary to confirm the generalisability of these findings to the wider South African population. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - April 8, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Lufuno G. Mavhandu-Ramarumo Source Type: research

Symptomatic gallstones and HIV in black South African women: Changing trends of gallstone disease?
Conclusion: The age of occurrence of gallstone disease amongst black South African WLHIV was significantly lower and fewer women were obese compared with the uninfected women with gallstone disease. These findings differ from known gallstone risk factors in other populations and in uninfected black South African women. This could be attributed to the metabolic alterations caused by HIV infection itself and/or to the long-term use of ART. Larger cohort studies are required to elucidate the role of HIV and ART in cholestatic disease. (Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine)
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - March 25, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Suman Mewa Kinoo Source Type: research