Weight Stigma across the Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Periods: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723775Weight stigma is a pervasive issue promoting significant adverse health and psychosocial consequences. Preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women are particularly vulnerable to weight stigma, which can directly impact their health and that of the next generation. Of note, weight stigma affects women living with obesity who are already at risk for developing gestational diabetes and experiencing associated stigmas. This narrative review aimed to examine the literature on weight stigma across the preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods, specifically to (1) synthesize th...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - March 16, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Hill, Briony Incollingo Rodriguez, Angela C. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
What Are Models of Care? A Systematic Search and Narrative Review to Guide Development of Care Models for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
This article aims to explore the definitions and central components of MoC in health settings, so that care models for POI can be developed. A systematic search was performed on Ovid Medline and Embase, and including gray literature. Unique definitions of MoC were identified, and thematic analysis was used to summarize the key component of MoC. Of 2,477 articles identified, 8 provided unique definitions of MoC, and 11 described components of MoC. Definitions differ in scope, focusing on disease, service, or system level, but a key feature is that MoC is operational, describing how care is delivered, as well as what that ca...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - March 8, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Jones, Alicia R. Tay, Chau T. Melder, Angela Vincent, Amanda J. Teede, Helena Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Genetics of Menopause and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Time for a Paradigm Shift?
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721796This review summarizes the existing information concerning the genetic background of menopause and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). There is overwhelming evidence that majority of genes are involved in double-strand break repair, mismatch repair, and base excision repair. The remaining loci were involved in cell energy metabolism and immune response. Gradual (or in case of rapid POI) accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage causes (premature) cell death and cellular senescence. This in turn leads to exhaustion of cell renewal capacity and cellular dysfunction in affected organs ...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - March 1, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Laven, Joop S. E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Need for Personalized Risk-Stratified Approaches to Treatment for Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723778Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the prevailing one-size-fits-all approach that treats all women with GDM as having equivalent risk needs revision, given the clinical heterogeneity of GDM, the limitations of a population-based approach to risk, and the need to move beyond a glucocentric focus to address other intersecting risk factors. To address these challenges, we propose using a clinical prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes to guide risk-stratified approaches to treatment ...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - March 1, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Cooray, Shamil D. Boyle, Jacqueline A. Soldatos, Georgia Thangaratinam, Shakila Teede, Helena J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Double Whammy of Obesity and Diabetes on Female Reproductive Health
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723777The rising global prevalence of obesity and diabetes, especially in youth, confers substantial metabolic consequences and increased mortality in affected individuals. While obesity is strongly tied to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, emerging evidence shows that obesity rates are also increasing exponentially in those with type 1 diabetes, contributing to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic sequelae. In addition, both obesity and diabetes can exert adverse effects on female reproductive health independently, with the presence of both conditions likely...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - February 17, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Thong, Eleanor P. Burden, Christy Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Use of Hormone Therapy in Women with Early Menopause and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721719Women with early menopause or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) experience a menopausal state a decade or more earlier than their peers. The health consequences for POI are vast and varied with detrimental effects seen on neurological, psychological, bone, and cardiovascular systems. The risk profile of POI patients requires special attention, as they differ from a typical menopausal population. This review will explore the health risks associated with POI and examine the various treatment options and also the risks associated with hormone therapy. Given the risks and benefits,...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - February 4, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lersten, Ivy Clain, Elizabeth Santoro, Nanette Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723779Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and a significant clinical and public health problem with lifelong and intergenerational adverse health consequences for mothers and their offspring. The preconception, early pregnancy, and interconception periods represent opportune windows to engage women in preventive and health promotion interventions. This review provides an overview of findings from observational and intervention studies on the role of diet, physical activity, and weight (change) during these periods in the primary prevention o...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - February 2, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Schoenaker, Danielle A.J.M. de Jersey, Susan Willcox, Jane Francois, Monique E. Wilkinson, Shelley Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Premature and Early Menopause in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722318Postmenopausal women have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. It has been postulated that the loss of ovarian function and subsequent deficiency of endogenous estrogens after menopause contributes to this elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Compared with woman entering menopause at the mean age of 51 years, in women with early menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency the risk for cardiovascular disease is even greater. These women lack the cardioprotective effect of endogenous estrogens for many more years than do women entering natural...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 28, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Schipper, Iza äk Louwers, Yvonne V. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Preventing Type 2 Diabetes in Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes: Reviewing the Implementation Gaps for Health Behavior Change Programs
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722315Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) places a woman at high risk of developing subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in the first 5 years postpartum. Engaging women in health behavior change during this period is challenging and current diabetes prevention programs were developed for middle-aged adults, all of which have limited the evidence on successful implementation for this high-risk population. In this review, we will first summarize the effects of existing diabetes prevention programs in women with a history of GDM. Second, we suggest that the programs ne...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 28, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim, Siew Chen, Mingling Makama, Maureen O'Reilly, Sharleen Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Early Menopause/Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722924 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 25, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Vincent, Amanda J. Laven, Joop S. Tags: Preface Source Type: research
The Role of Lifestyle Intervention in the Prevention and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722208Obesity during pregnancy is associated with the development of adverse outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is highly associated with obesity and independently increases the risk of both complications during pregnancy and future impaired glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease for both the mother and child. Despite extensive research evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions incorporating diet and/or exercise, there remains a lack of definitive consensus on their overall efficacy alone or in combination for both the preve...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 20, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Moholdt, Trine Hayman, Melanie Shorakae, Soulmaz Brown, Wendy J. Harrison, Cheryce L. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Women's Experiences of Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Menopause and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Qualitative Study
This article examines the prominent and under-researched themes of women's experiences of navigating “diagnosis” and treatment. Diagnosis emerged as a complex and changeable process wherein women had to negotiate a diagnosis of spontaneous EM/POI and grasp the meaning and probability of iatrogenic EM/POI. Navigating treatment entailed further complexity as women grappled with the risks and efficacy of hormonal and non-hormonal medications. The findings underline the intricacies of EM/POI as a biomedical phenomenon and highlight the need for health practitioners to recognize and respond to the challenges women face in c...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 20, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Johnston-Ataata, Kate Flore, Jacinthe Kokanovi ć, Renata Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency/Early Menopause
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722317Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause, defined as loss of ovarian activity prior to 40 years or menopause between the ages of 40 and 45 years, respectively, is associated with significant adverse health impacts. Recent data indicate that the prevalence of POI and early menopause is greater than was previously thought, affecting more than 10% of women. Biopsychosocial risk factors including genetic, autoimmune, reproductive, lifestyle, early-life, social/environmental, and iatrogenic have been associated with POI/early menopause or earlier age at menopause. How...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 12, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Giri, Rinky Vincent, Amanda J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Searching for Utopia, the Challenge of Standardized Medical Nutrition Therapy Prescription in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Critical Review
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722316Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder and the incidence is increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with adverse maternal outcomes which may be reduced with proper management. Lifestyle modification in the form of medical nutrition therapy and physical activity, as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, is the cornerstone of GDM management. Inevitably, the search for the “ultimate” diet prescription has been ongoing. Identifying the amount and type of carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose levels below targets while balancing the nutritio...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 11, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Meloncelli, Nina Wilkinson, Shelley A. de Jersey, Susan Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Anti-M üllerian Hormone in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722319The menopause and its pathological version, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), are characterized by the cessation of follicle growth in the ovary, with consequent lack of estrogen production and amenorrhea. The measurement of a specific product of ovarian follicles would therefore be expected to be a valuable biomarker in women with POI, and to be of likely clinical value in the diagnosis and perhaps prediction of POI. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells of growing follicles and is therefore likely to be of value in this context. Current data indi...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - January 11, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Anderson, Richard A. Nelson, Scott M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
