Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons Coordinate Reproductive Activities with Metabolism
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 131-140 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400251Hypothalamic control of fertility is the quintessential homeostatic function. However, fertility is metabolically demanding; so, there must be coordination between energy states and reproductive functions. Because gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are devoid of many of the critical metabolic hormone receptors for sensing nutrient levels, it has long been recognized that the sensing of energy stores had to be done by neurons presynaptic to GnRH neurons. Some of the obvious players have been the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic ne...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 22, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: R ønnekleiv, Oline K. Qiu, Jian Kelly, Martin J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurokinin B and Neurokinin-3 Receptor Signaling: Promising Developments in the Management of Menopausal Hot Flushes
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 125-130 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400241Vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats, pose a significant symptomatic burden to women undergoing menopause, and negatively impact on both their physical and psychological well-being. Management of these symptoms can be challenging, with the use of conventional hormone replacement therapy limited by duration of treatment and clinical contraindications. Recent advances in our understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive axis and thermoregulation postmenopause has helped identify a promising new therapeutic target to ameli...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 22, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Modi, Manish Dhillo, Waljit S. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Clinical Translational Studies of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 119-124 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400240Kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that are vital for reproductive health. An absence of either kisspeptin or NKB signaling results in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and a failure to proceed through puberty. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated potential avenues for the clinical utility of medications that act through these pathways in the assessment and treatment of reproductive disorders. Kisspeptin acts to stimulate hypothalamic gonadotrophic-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin induc...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 22, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Hunjan, Tia Abbara, Ali Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Novel Biology of Tachykinins in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 109-118 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400252The tachykinin family of peptides, composed of the neurokinins A and B (NKA, NKB) and substance P are involved in the central control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release through a variety of neuronal circuitries that mediate the activation of Kiss1 neurons and the synchronization of their activity within the arcuate nucleus. The major outcome of this role is the precise regulation of the pulsatile pattern of GnRH release. In addition, tachykinins are involved in the maturation of the reproductive axis by determining the optimal timing of puberty ons...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 22, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Leon, Silvia Navarro, V íctor M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B and New Players in Reproduction
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 107-108 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3403461 Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 22, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Dhillo, Waljit S. Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Waljit S. Dhillo, MD
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 105-106 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3403460 Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 22, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Legro, Richard S. Tags: Introduction Source Type: research
Kisspeptin and Prolactin
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 093-104 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400956The relationship between elevated prolactin and infertility has been known for a long time, but the specific mechanism by which prolactin inhibited reproduction had been uncertain. The discovery of kisspeptin has provided novel insights into how prolactin might cause infertility, with extensive evidence that elevated prolactin inhibits secretion of kisspeptin, resulting in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility. More recent data suggest that a converse relationship might also exist, with evidence that kisspeptin influences prolactin secretion. This brief...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Grattan, David R. Szawka, Raphael E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Role of Kisspeptin in Sexual Behavior
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 084-092 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400992Sexual behavior is essential for the perpetuation of a species. In female rodents, mate preference and lordosis behavior depend heavily on the integration of olfactory cues into the neuroendocrine brain, yet its underlying neural circuits are not well understood. We previously revealed that kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus/periventricular nucleus continuum (AVPv/PeN) are activated by male olfactory cues in female mice. Here, we further reveal that male-directed mate preferences and lordosis are impaired in kisspeptin knockout mice ...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Hellier, Vincent Brock, Olivier Bakker, Julie Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Does the KNDy Model for the Control of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulses Apply to Monkeys and Humans?
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 071-083 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400254There is now considerable evidence supporting the role of a subpopulation of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that coexpress kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (abbreviated as KNDy neurons) as the long sought-after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator. The “KNDy hypothesis” of pulse generation has largely been based on findings in rodents and ruminants, and there is considerably less information about the anatomical and functional organization of the KNDy subpopulation in the primate hypothalamus. In this review, we fo...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lehman, Michael N. He, Wen Coolen, Lique M. Levine, Jon E. Goodman, Robert L. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Roles of the Amygdala Kisspeptin System
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 064-070 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400462The hypothalamic hormone kisspeptin (encoded by the KISS1/kiss1 gene) is the master regulator of the reproductive axis with its role in controlling gonadotrophin hormone secretion now well characterized. However, identification of kisspeptin and its cognate receptor expression within the amygdala, a key limbic brain region whose functions contribute to a broad range of physiological and behavioral processes, has heightened interest concerning kisspeptins' role in the broader aspects of reproductive physiology. In this review, we detail the important developments...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mills, Edouard G. A. O'Byrne, Kevin T. Comninos, Alexander N. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Kisspeptin as a Behavioral Hormone
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 056-063 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400239Successful reproduction is dependent not only on hormonal endocrine responses but also on suitable partner selection, copulatory acts, as well as associated emotional, behavioral, and cognitive processes many of which are supported by the limbic system. The reproductive hormone kisspeptin (encoded by the KISS1/kiss1 gene) is now recognized as the key orchestrator of the reproductive axis. In addition to the hypothalamus, prominent kisspeptin neuronal populations have been identified throughout limbic and paralimbic brain regions across an assortment of species. ...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mills, Edouard G.A. O'Byrne, Kevin T. Comninos, Alexander N. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Role of Kisspeptin and NKB in Puberty in Nonhuman Primates: Sex Differences
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 047-055 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400253To understand the roles of kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB) in puberty and sex differences in their involvement, we conducted a series of experiments measuring the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin in the median eminence of the hypothalamus in male and female monkeys throughout sexual development. Results indicate that kisspeptin-10 and the NKB agonist, senktide, stimulated GnRH release in males and females at the prepubertal and pubertal stages, but females are much more sensitive to kisspeptin signaling than males. Moreover, thro...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Garcia, James P. Keen, Kim L. Seminara, Stephanie B. Terasawa, Ei Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B and New Players in Reproduction
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 045-046 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400487 Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Dhillo, Waljit S. Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Waljit S. Dhillo, MD
Semin Reprod Med 2019; 37: 043-044 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400463 Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Legro, Richard S. Tags: Introduction Source Type: research
Reproductive Health Needs of the Military and Veterans, Part 2
Semin Reprod Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1698793 Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text (Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - October 3, 2019 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Segars, James H. Tags: Introduction Source Type: research
