Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.
Neuropsychology, Vol 37(8), Nov 2023, 859-871; doi:10.1037/neu0000918Objective: The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to examine the benefits of central executive training (CET, which trains the working components of working memory [WM]) for reducing organizational skills difficulties relative to a carefully matched neurocognitive training intervention (inhibitory control training [ICT]). Method: A carefully phenotyped sample of 73 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity–impulsivity disorder (ADHD; ages 8–13, M = 10.15, SD = 1.43; 20 girls; 73% White/Non-Hispanic) participated in a preregist...
Source: Neuropsychology - July 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Social cognitive disruptions in multiple sclerosis: The role of executive (dys)function.
Conclusions: Disruptions to working memory appear to serve as one of the mechanisms underpinning disturbances to social cognition in MS. Future research should examine if the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation programs that incorporate working memory training transfer to these social cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Interference and attentional switching in aging.
Conclusions: Processing interference before the decision to switch attention was the main driver of increased RTs for older adults. Rather than motivational goal-directed factors for error minimization (i.e., caution), findings supported neurocognitive and inhibition deficit explanations. Future DDM studies into cognition and aging could consider how difficulties inhibiting interference impacts on the cognitive processes under investigation and whether the concept of caution is applicable. Findings raise functional considerations for older adults on visually oriented tasks that require attentional switching (e.g., work vs....
Source: Neuropsychology - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Understanding nonliteral language abilities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.
Conclusions: Results suggest children with NF1 experience challenges in understanding complex NLL comprehension, which are related to reduced working memory and increased impulsivity/hyperactivity. This study provides an initial insight into the figurative language abilities of children with NF1, which should be examined in relation to their social difficulties in future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibitory control and alcohol use history predict changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that, in those diagnosed with PTSD, inhibitory control and alcohol use history reflect relatively stable risk/resiliency factors predictive of PTSD chronicity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Linking self-perceived cognitive functioning questionnaires using item response theory: The subjective cognitive decline initiative.
Conclusions: This was the first study to calibrate self-perceived cognitive functioning data of geographically diverse older adults. The resulting item scores are on the same metric, facilitating joint or pooled analyses across international studies. Results may lead to the development of new self-perceived cognitive functioning questionnaires guided by psychometric properties, content, and other important features of items in our item bank. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ceiling effects and differential measurement precision across calibrated cognitive scores in the Framingham Study.
Conclusions: The harmonized and calibrated cognitive data from the FHS should prove useful for future analyses examining cognition and cognitive decline. They will be of particular interest when combining FHS with other studies that have been similarly calibrated. Researchers should be aware of varying levels of measurement precision and the possibility of ceiling effects in their planned analyses of data from the FHS and similar studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Measurement precision across cognitive domains in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data set.
Conclusion: Modern psychometric approaches provide tools to help understand measurement precision of the scales used in studies. In ADNI, there are important differences in measurement precision across cognitive domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to Leonhardt et al. (2019).
Conclusions: The findings imply that, although people with PD are aware of hyposmia to some extent, the majority is affected by overestimation of the ability to smell, making self-reported functioning an unreliable source of information. Moreover, reduced odor identification and impaired executive functioning might underlie the same pathological changes within the brain and could serve as a marker for cognitive impairment in PD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Childhood maltreatment and midlife cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study of the roles of social support and social isolation.
Conclusions: Social isolation and social support play different roles in understanding how childhood maltreatment impacts midlife cognitive functioning. Greater social isolation predicts greater deficits in cognitive functioning overall, whereas the protective effects of social support are limited to those without a documented history of childhood maltreatment. Clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - May 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The utility of word list and story recall for identifying older U.S. Chinese immigrants with cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: Chinese-language translations of verbal memory tests, in particular delayed recall scores, were equally sensitive for classifying cognitive diagnosis in older U.S. Chinese immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - May 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The “when” matters: Evidence from memory markers in the clinical continuum of Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the VSTMBT and the FCSRT are sensitive to the clinical continuum of AD. Whereas the former detects changes in the early prodromal stages, the latter is more sensitive to the advanced prodromal stages of AD. These novel tests can aid in the early detection, monitor disease progression and response to treatment, and thus support drug development programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - May 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Relationships between hourly cognitive variability and risk of Alzheimer’s disease revealed with mixed-effects location scale models.
Conclusion: Preclinical AD risk, defined as possessing at least one APOE ε4 allele, is not only associated with mean-level performance differences, but also with increases in variability across repeated testing occasions particularly on a test of processing speed. Thus, cognitive variability may serve as an additional and important indicator of AD risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Misinterpreting cognitive change over multiple timepoints: When practice effects meet age-related decline.
Conclusion: A replacement method of PE adjustment revealed significant PEs across two follow-ups. As expected in these older adults, accounting for PEs revealed cognitive decline. This, in turn, means earlier detection of cognitive deficits, including progression to MCI, and more accurate characterization of longitudinal change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - April 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
History of traumatic brain injury does not alter course of neurocognitive decline in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: Findings suggest TBI history, regardless of demographic factors, APOE ε4 status, or cognitive diagnosis, does not alter the course of neurocognitive functioning later-in-life in older adults with or without cognitive impairment. Future clinicopathological longitudinal studies that well-characterize head injuries and the associated clinical course are needed to help clarify the mechanism in which TBI may increase dementia risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - April 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
