Neural network process simulations support a distributed memory system and aid design of a novel computer adaptive digital memory test for preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusions: A mirrored cascaded architecture addresses the limitations of traditional feed forward neural networks, provides support for a distributed memory system, and emphasizes the importance of context to avoid interference. These process models contributed to the design of a digital computer-adaptive word list learning test that places maximum stress on the capability to distinguish specific episodes of learning. Process simulations provide a useful method of testing models of brain function and contribute to new approaches to neuropsychological assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved...
Source: Neuropsychology - August 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The diagnostic usefulness of experimental memory tasks for detecting subjective cognitive decline: Preliminary results in an Italian sample.
Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that specific measures derived from demanding cognitive paradigms could be sensitive neuropsychological indexes for detecting the subtle cognitive impairment associated with SCD. These observations could be useful for further refining cognitive assessment aimed at early detection of AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Adaptation and construct validity evaluation of a tablet-based, short neuropsychological test battery for use with adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Thailand.
Conclusions: Results provide support for the acceptability and construct validity of the Thai NeuroScreen tests to assess neurocognition in Thai AYA with PHIV. An easy-to-use tool to assess neurocognition can help Thai providers provide better care for AYA with PHIV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Adaptation and construct validity evaluation of a tablet-based, short neuropsychological test battery for use with adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Thailand.
Conclusions: Results provide support for the acceptability and construct validity of the Thai NeuroScreen tests to assess neurocognition in Thai AYA with PHIV. An easy-to-use tool to assess neurocognition can help Thai providers provide better care for AYA with PHIV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effects of language and acculturation on neurocognitive performance of Japanese Americans.
Conclusions: The present study highlights the need for culturally sensitive evaluation in the neuropsychological assessment of this population. The variability in backgrounds contributed to the variability in performance between and within groups. Factors in addition to age and education, including the effects of primary language and acculturation, warrant consideration when evaluating the neuropsychological performance of Japanese Americans in research and clinical settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Self- versus informant-report of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment: Concordance with cognitive and functional performance.
Conclusions: We showed a poor concordance among self-report of cognitive decline and both informant-report of cognitive decline and cognitive performance in patients with MCI. Our findings highlight clinical and research value in the assessment and consideration of degree of discrepancy between self- and informant-reports of cognitive decline in MCI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Autocorrection if→of function words in reading aloud: A novel marker of Alzheimer’s risk.
Conclusions: Difficulty stopping autocorrect errors is associated with biomarkers indicating preclinical AD, and reveals promise as a diagnostic tool. Greater vulnerability of function over content words to autocorrection in individuals with AD-like biomarkers implicates monitoring and attention (rather than semantic processing) in the earliest of cognitive changes associated with AD risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cognitive domain harmonization and cocalibration in studies of older adults.
Conclusions: We have implemented a large-scale effort to harmonize and cocalibrate cognitive domain scores across multiple studies of cognitive aging. Scores on the same metric facilitate meta-analyses of cognitive outcomes across studies or the joint analysis of individual data across studies. Our systematic approach allows for cocalibration of additional studies as they become available and our growing item bank enables robust investigation of cognition in the context of aging and dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Metacognitive strategy training versus psychoeducation for improving fatigue in children and adolescents with acquired brain injuries: A randomized controlled trial.
Conclusions: Group-based cognitive rehabilitation in the chronic phase of pABI, including education of parents and teachers, may be helpful in reducing fatigue. Global outcome and executive attention at baseline predicted fatigue improvement. Developmental factors are important to consider when tailoring pediatric interventions, as well as modifiable factors associated with fatigue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Harmonizing the preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite for multicohort studies.
Conclusions: This study proposes procedures for harmonizing the PACC that make fewer strong assumptions than the zPACC, facilitating robust multicohort analyses. This implementation of item response theory lends itself to adapting across future cohorts with similar composites. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Critical item (CR) analysis expands the classification accuracy of performance validity tests based on the forced choice paradigm—Replicating previously introduced CR cutoffs within the Word Choice Test.
Conclusions: Results confirmed the clinical utility of critical item analysis. Although the improvement in sensitivity was modest, critical items were effective at containing false positive errors in general, and especially in racially diverse patients. Critical item analysis appears to be a cost-effective and equitable method to improve an instrument’s classification accuracy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Does culture shape our understanding of others’ thoughts and emotions? An investigation across 12 countries.
Conclusions: Overall, these findings highlight the need for important methodological shifts to better represent social cognition in both fundamental research and clinical practice, especially within emerging international networks and consortia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clinical assessment of unilateral spatial neglect dissociations and heterogeneities: A narrative synthesis.
Conclusion: While USN heterogeneities and dissociations are difficult to assess in current clinical practice, there is a real need to improve their assessment. This will allow clinicians to establish the individual USN profile of each patient not only in terms of severity but also of impaired aspects in order to provide them the rehabilitation program that suits the best their needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Harmonizing PTSD severity scales across instruments and sites.
The objective of this work was to use a multisite mega analysis to derive quantitative recommendations for equating scores across measures of PTSD severity. Method: Empirical Bayes harmonization and linear models were used to describe and mitigate site and covariate effects. Quadratic models for converting scores across PTSD assessments were constructed using bootstrapping and tested on hold out data. Results: We aggregated 17 data sources and compiled an n = 5,634 sample of individuals who were assessed for PTSD symptoms. We confirmed our hypothesis that harmonization and covariate adjustments would significantly improve ...
Source: Neuropsychology - July 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research