Dissociating the impact of alexithymia and impaired self-awareness on emotional distress and aggression after traumatic brain injury.
Conclusions: Alexithymia is more accurately conceptualized as an emotional processing deficit than an awareness deficit. Indeed, self-awareness may be a prerequisite for the ability to identify alexithymic tendencies. Negative psychological effects of alexithymia are compounded by poorer executive function and disinhibition and call for the development of TBI-specific alexithymia screening tools and interventions. Alexithymia interventions are best delivered in conjunction with rehabilitation of emotion regulation and executive function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - October 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Multitrial free recall for evaluating memory.
Conclusions: These results provide evidence for the clinical validity of lab-based multitrial free recall tasks and highlight their psychometric benefits over neuropsychological measures. Based on these results, we discuss the need to bridge the gap between clinical understanding of putative mechanisms underlying memory disorders and neuroscientific findings obtained using lab-based free recall tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - October 23, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
What’s in a score: A longitudinal investigation of scores based on item response theory and classical test theory for the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in cognitively normal and impaired older adults.
Conclusions: IRT-based scores were less affected by scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. With regard to responsiveness, IRT-based scores showed more signal than CTT-based scores in early disease stages, highlighting the IRT-based scores’ superior suitability for use in preclinical populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - September 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Special issue on “Novel neuropsychological instruments for the prodromal and preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease”.
Neuropsychology, Vol 37(6), Sep 2023, 623-627; doi:10.1037/neu0000907Dementia is one of the most challenging health and social emergencies today. It affects more than 55 million people worldwide with epidemiological projections of reaching 140 million people in 2050. Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the clinical–pathological entity responsible for 60%–70% of all dementia cases, rests currently on the demonstration of cerebrospinal fluid or neuroimaging biomarkers, as a proxy of AD cortical neuropathology. In this context, the role of neuropsychological assessment, as a rapid and noninvasive tool able to accurat...
Source: Neuropsychology - August 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibitory control impairment in social disinhibition following severe traumatic brain injury: An experimental study using social and nonsocial go/no-go task.
Conclusions: Social disinhibition appears to be associated with inhibitory control impairment, although this is only evident when a social task is used. No relationship between social disinhibition and response speed was found. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 10, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Multiple sclerosis is associated with differences in semantic memory structure.
Conclusions: These differing semantic network structures suggest that language retrieval difficulties in MS partially result from decline in language-specific factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - August 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Executive functions beyond the “Holy Trinity”: A scoping review.
Conclusions: The mapping showed a diversity of skills referred to as EF in addition to the core components and identified the instruments used in their assessment. Greater conceptual and structural clarity and greater methodological care are fundamental to support the assessment of EF and their intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Production of emotions conveyed by voice in Parkinson’s disease: Association between variability of fundamental frequency and gray matter volumes of regions involved in emotional prosody.
Conclusions: The lower F0SD values observed in PD patients in anger production are consistent with their lower ability to express anger effectively through voice compared to HC. Our data demonstrated the involvement of right-lateralized areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and amygdala, which are typically involved in emotional prosody. Disturbances in emotion processing might contribute to speech production deficits in PD, probably in addition to the motor impairment of the articulatory system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.
Neuropsychology, Vol 37(8), Nov 2023, 859-871; doi:10.1037/neu0000918Objective: The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to examine the benefits of central executive training (CET, which trains the working components of working memory [WM]) for reducing organizational skills difficulties relative to a carefully matched neurocognitive training intervention (inhibitory control training [ICT]). Method: A carefully phenotyped sample of 73 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity–impulsivity disorder (ADHD; ages 8–13, M = 10.15, SD = 1.43; 20 girls; 73% White/Non-Hispanic) participated in a preregist...
Source: Neuropsychology - July 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Social cognitive disruptions in multiple sclerosis: The role of executive (dys)function.
Conclusions: Disruptions to working memory appear to serve as one of the mechanisms underpinning disturbances to social cognition in MS. Future research should examine if the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation programs that incorporate working memory training transfer to these social cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Interference and attentional switching in aging.
Conclusions: Processing interference before the decision to switch attention was the main driver of increased RTs for older adults. Rather than motivational goal-directed factors for error minimization (i.e., caution), findings supported neurocognitive and inhibition deficit explanations. Future DDM studies into cognition and aging could consider how difficulties inhibiting interference impacts on the cognitive processes under investigation and whether the concept of caution is applicable. Findings raise functional considerations for older adults on visually oriented tasks that require attentional switching (e.g., work vs....
Source: Neuropsychology - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Understanding nonliteral language abilities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.
Conclusions: Results suggest children with NF1 experience challenges in understanding complex NLL comprehension, which are related to reduced working memory and increased impulsivity/hyperactivity. This study provides an initial insight into the figurative language abilities of children with NF1, which should be examined in relation to their social difficulties in future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibitory control and alcohol use history predict changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that, in those diagnosed with PTSD, inhibitory control and alcohol use history reflect relatively stable risk/resiliency factors predictive of PTSD chronicity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Linking self-perceived cognitive functioning questionnaires using item response theory: The subjective cognitive decline initiative.
Conclusions: This was the first study to calibrate self-perceived cognitive functioning data of geographically diverse older adults. The resulting item scores are on the same metric, facilitating joint or pooled analyses across international studies. Results may lead to the development of new self-perceived cognitive functioning questionnaires guided by psychometric properties, content, and other important features of items in our item bank. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ceiling effects and differential measurement precision across calibrated cognitive scores in the Framingham Study.
Conclusions: The harmonized and calibrated cognitive data from the FHS should prove useful for future analyses examining cognition and cognitive decline. They will be of particular interest when combining FHS with other studies that have been similarly calibrated. Researchers should be aware of varying levels of measurement precision and the possibility of ceiling effects in their planned analyses of data from the FHS and similar studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
