Future and past autobiographical memory in persons with HIV disease.
Conclusion: Older PWH may experience difficulty generating autobiographical details from the past and simulated events in the future, which may be related to executive dyscontrol of memory processes. Future studies might examine the role of future thinking in health behaviors such as medication adherence and retention in healthcare among PWH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - April 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A comprehensive assessment of poststroke social cognitive function.
Conclusions: These data enhance understanding of stroke-related social cognitive impairment and inform the development of tailored, evidence-based rehabilitation efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Performance validity and symptom validity tests: Are they measuring different constructs?
Conclusions: Performance and symptom validity tests measure distinct but related constructs. SVTs and PVTs are significantly related to both cognitive performance and symptom report; however, the relationship between symptom validity and symptom report is strongest. SVTs are also differentially related to cognitive performance and symptom report based on the utilized cutoff score. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - April 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Attentional subdomains’ deficits in Brazilian patients with major depressive episodes.
Objective: Studies conducted in developed countries have shown that attentional impairment is commonly seen in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). There is a lack of studies using culture-free neuropsychological instruments. Additionally, attention consists of different subdomains. Deficits in subdomains have not been investigated in MDD. Studies on subdomains using systematic frameworks are needed. We aimed to verify the percentage of Brazilian MDD patients with attention deficits, using a culture-free instrument; compare different attention subdomains in MDD patients with paired controls; find the subdomain t...
Source: Neuropsychology - March 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The cognitive effects of anticholinergic drugs on apolipoprotein ε4 carriers and noncarriers in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention study.
Conclusions: Anticholinergic drug use may have deleterious effects on the cognitive functioning of subjects in populations at risk for dementia, especially among apolipoprotein ε4 carriers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - March 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Memory in multiple sclerosis: A reappraisal using the item specific deficit approach.
Conclusions: These findings accord well with previous research showing diminished acquisition and retrieval among people with MS. The results may also reconcile contradictory findings in the extant literature by showing that memory impairment in MS is not exclusively attributable to either acquisition or retrieval. Rather, both processes may manifest across people with MS. The replication across samples with nearly identical effect sizes implies that these effects are reliable and possess external validity. These data hold implications for memory rehabilitation interventions involving people with MS, and suggest that acqui...
Source: Neuropsychology - March 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sex differences in microstructural white matter alterations of mathematics anxiety based on diffusion MRI connectometry.
Conclusion: Our findings support that structures with functional relation to language processing areas (e.g., AF) or limbic system (cingulum, CC, fornix, and ILF) play a significant role in MA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - March 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Alterations of procedural memory consolidation in children with developmental dyslexia. Correction to Hedenius et al. (2020).
Conclusion: The present study shows that consolidation of procedural memory is impaired in DD, even when the initial learning session is prolonged. The findings encourage further research on the mechanisms supporting procedural memory consolidation in children with DD, and how these may be strengthened. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - March 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A systematic review and meta-analysis of racial/ethnic differences and similarities in executive function performance in the United States.
Conclusions: Findings support the cultural differences hypothesis for executive function performance. This meta-analysis underscores the need to address social inequalities in the U.S. that drive performance differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - March 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Preserving prospective memory in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mnemonic strategy, cognitive training, external memory aid, and combination interventions.
Objective: To preserve or improve independent functioning in older adults and those with neurocognitive impairments, researchers and clinicians need to address prospective memory deficits. To be effective, prospective memory interventions must restore (or circumvent) the underlying attention and memory mechanisms that are impaired by aging, brain injury, and neurodegeneration. We evaluated two decades of prospective memory interventions for efficacy, time/resource costs, and ecological validity. Method: We systematically reviewed 73 prospective memory intervention studies of middle- to older-aged healthy adults and clinica...
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Enhancing cue salience improves aspects of naturalistic time-based prospective memory in older adults with HIV disease.
Conclusions: Providing strategic supports to enhance the cue salience of naturalistic time-based PM tasks may improve both the accuracy and timing with which older PLWH remember to perform time-based intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural correlates of daily function: A pilot study of the white matter retrogenesis hypothesis and three separate performance-based functional assessments.
Conclusions: Our preliminary findings demonstrate better performance on a PBFA of medication management is associated with higher FA in late-myelinated white matter tracts. Despite a small sample size, these results are consistent with growing evidence that performance-based functional assessments may be a useful tool in identifying early changes related to ADRD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Empathy for joy recruits a broader prefrontal network than empathy for sadness and is predicted by executive functioning.
Conclusion: Activation in core aspects of the working memory-executive control network, and core happiness-related aspects of the mentalizing brain network (i.e., medial PFC and precuneus) predicted greater empathy capacity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The influence of subjective cognitive decline on prospective memory over 5 years.
Conclusions: Older adults with SCD demonstrated greater decline in habitual PM, suggesting these tasks may be more sensitive to the effects of SCD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Internet-based technology in multiple sclerosis: Exploring perceived use and skills and actual performance.
Conclusion: Persons with MS present with poorer IBT performance compared with HCs, which can limit participation. Processing speed and patient perceptions of IBT use and skills should be considered in technology design and training to improve the capabilities of persons with MS to use IBT for everyday living. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
