Cognition and daily life functioning among persons with serious mental illness: A cluster analytic examination of heterogeneity on the Test of Grocery Shopping Skills.
Conclusions and Implications for Practice: Naturalistic performance measures can assist with characterizing the heterogeneity in real life functioning among people with serious mental illness. Further work to illuminate the relationship between specific cognitive abilities and specific functional abilities is warranted and may assist with targeting effective treatment plans for functional recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Communicative-pragmatic abilities mediate the relationship between cognition and daily functioning in schizophrenia.
Conclusions: Innovatively, our findings highlight that pragmatics has a main role, both direct and indirect, in affecting functioning. Of particular interest is that the impact of pragmatics encompasses different functional domains, and especially interpersonal functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
What is normal cognition in depression? Prevalence and functional correlates of normative versus idiographic cognitive impairment.
Conclusions: In MDD, reliance on assessment of contemporary cognitive functioning might underestimate rates of those who could be considered cognitively impaired. Consideration of idiographic impairment may help explain gaps between normatively defined cognitive ability with subjective complaints and disability in MDD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional reserve: The residual variance in instrumental activities of daily living not explained by brain structure, cognition, and demographics.
Conclusions: Results provide preliminary validation of functional reserve for explaining individual differences in susceptibility to IADL dysfunction independent of neuropathology, cognition, and demographics. Physical functioning and apathy are promising modifiable intervention targets to enhance functional reserve in the context of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The goal-control model: An integrated neuropsychological framework to explain impaired performance of everyday activities.
Conclusions: The goal-control model offers empirically supported solutions to understanding and predicting functioning in the real world. This new model generates testable predictions for future research and provides guidance for clinical assessment and interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Introduction to the special issue on the neuropsychology of daily life.
A fundamental reason that scientists study brain–behavior relationships is to discover new ways to understand and enhance the everyday lives of people with neurocognitive disorders. Moreover, establishing the link between cognitive deficits and problems in everyday functioning is a critical component of diagnosing neurocognitive disorders and designing effective rehabilitation plans. Yet only about 1% of the over 10,000 studies published in the major neuropsychology journals over the past 35 years have focused on the intersection of cognition and everyday functioning. Clearly, researchers have much left to learn. This sp...
Source: Neuropsychology - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Alterations of procedural memory consolidation in children with developmental dyslexia.
Conclusion: The present study shows that consolidation of procedural memory is impaired in DD, even when the initial learning session is prolonged. The findings encourage further research on the mechanisms supporting procedural memory consolidation in children with DD, and how these may be strengthened. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
New insights in implicit sequence learning of adults with traumatic brain injury: As measured by an ocular serial reaction time (O-SRT) task.
Conclusion: We suggest that the high TBI group stuck rate can be attributed to lack of initiative and/or conservative response bias associated with TBI, and view it as a main cause leading to deficits in ISL. Unlike controls, the TBI group could not muster their relatively preserved spatial WM capacity to support their ISL performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Deviant sexual interests but not antisocial behaviors are associated with deficits in executive functioning in individuals convicted of sexual offenses against children.
Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that only a certain subset of CSA-offending individuals demonstrates considerable neuropsychological deficits, which seem to correlate with a particularly strong sexual interest in children. This subgroup could also be described as having a particularly high risk concerning sexual reoffending with a sexual abuse offense. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The role of top-down attentional control and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in predicting future motor vehicle crash risk.
Conclusions: The driving risks associated with ADHD appear to be conveyed in part by impairments in the top-down, voluntary control of attention, rather than by difficulties sustaining attention over time or inhibiting impulses, as is often assumed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chronic white matter changes detected using diffusion tensor imaging following adult traumatic brain injury and their relationship to cognition.
Conclusions: The findings have shown that moderate to severe TBI leads to considerable WM and cognitive changes. Early and ongoing examination of mild TBI is needed to determine whether WM and cognitive changes are initially present and, if so, when they resolve. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Application of neuropsychological criteria to classify mild cognitive impairment in the active study.
Conclusion: NP criteria identified a proportion of MCI and reversion rate within ACTIVE that is consistent with prior studies involving community-dwelling samples. The pattern of everyday functioning change suggests that being classified as MCI, particularly amnestic MCI, is predictive of future loss of independence. Future work will apply these classifications in ACTIVE to better understand the relationships between MCI and health, social, and cognitive intervention-related factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Predictive and diagnostic utility of brief neuropsychological assessment in detecting Alzheimer’s pathology and progression to dementia.
Objective: To assess the role of brief neuropsychological assessments in prediction and identification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and progression to AD dementia. Method: Adults (N = 255; range = 40–81 years) with self-reported cognitive decline underwent baseline and 2-year follow-up clinical assessment, including a brief neuropsychological screening and lumbar puncture. Five different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) algorithms were applied on baseline cognitive test results: one conventional, three amnestic (lenient, stringent, multidomain), and one comprehensive criterion. We compared predictive and diagno...
Source: Neuropsychology - November 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The relationship between lateralization patterns from sequence based motor tasks and hemispheric speech dominance.
Conclusion: These results are discussed in terms of a lateralized speech-praxis control mechanism and demonstrates that measurements of motor paradigms through the use of fTCD are reliable enough to provide a new insight to the behavioral relationship been speech and handedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Neuropsychology)
Source: Neuropsychology - November 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Retrieval practice enhances memory for names in survivors of stroke.
Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that retrieval practice (testing during learning) enhances memory in clinical populations. However, no study to date has examined the efficacy of retrieval practice in stroke survivors, despite the negative impact of poststroke memory difficulties. We investigated whether retrieval practice enhances memory for names in stroke survivors and healthy controls. Method: Using a within- and between-subjects design, 20 stroke survivors and 20 healthy controls completed an experimental paradigm that required them to learn 18 name–face pairs divided across 3 learning conditions (spaced re...
Source: Neuropsychology - October 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
