Tryptophan metabolism as a ‘reflex’ feature of neuroimmune communication: Sensor and effector functions for the indoleamine‐2, 3‐dioxygenase kynurenine pathway
The kynurenine pathway functions as a stress-protection reflex circuit. Indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase (IDO) is induced by ‘Physical Stressors’ such as infection or tissue damage; tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is activated by psychological pressures via glucocorticosteroids, or elevated dietary tryptophan. These initiate a co-ordinated whole-body reflex, with kynurenine metabolites as the effectors. Kynurenic aci d regulates CNS excitability via glutamate blockade or GPR35 activation and modulates immunological activity by inhibiting TNF and promoting tolerance. Quinolinic acid increases CNS excitability, oxidative str...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 17, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Trevor W. Stone,
Richard O. Williams Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Mechanisms of aquaporin ‐4 vesicular trafficking in mammalian cells
In this study, we explored molecular mechanisms of AQP4 trafficking in mammalian cells. AQP4 continuously cycles between the cell surface, Rab5-positive early and Rab11-positive recycling endosomes in mammalian cells. AQP4 internalisation is dynamin-dependent and AQP4 translocation mechanisms are impaired upon inhibition of Rab5 and Rab11 function as well as cytoskeleton dynamics revealing potential targets for oedema treatment. Created withbiorender.com. AbstractThe aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is abundantly expressed in the glial cells of the central nervous system and facilitates brain swelling following diverse ins...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Andrea Markou,
Philip Kitchen,
Ahmed Aldabbagh,
Mariaelena Repici,
Mootaz M. Salman,
Roslyn M. Bill,
Zita Balklava Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Data ‐independent acquisition proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid implicates endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
This study strengthens Chitotriosidase 1 and Ubiquitin C-terminal hydro lase L1 as biomarker candidates relating to the aggressiveness of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and highlights inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum proteins as potential novel sources of prognostic biomarkers. AbstractWhile unbiased proteomics of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been used successfully to identify biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), high-abundance proteins mask the presence of lower abundance proteins that may have diagnostic and prognostic value. However, developments in mass spectrometry (MS) proteomic data acquis...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 13, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Elizabeth R. Dellar,
Iolanda Vendrell,
Kevin Talbot,
Benedikt M. Kessler,
Roman Fischer,
Martin R. Turner,
Alexander G. Thompson Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Recent advances in cholinergic mechanisms: A preface for the special issue
This special issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry entitled Cholinergic Mechanisms presents five reviews and seven original papers, which have been selected to cover the broad range of topics presented at the 17th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM2022) held in Dubrovnik, Croatia in 2022. The authors discuss recent developments in the cholinergic transmission with a number of important neuromuscular mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous systems. AbstractThis preface introduces theJournal of Neurochemistry special issue onCholinergic Mechanisms that highlights the progress in the molecular, ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 12, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zrinka Kovarik,
Hermona Soreq Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
Correction to “OLIG2 is an in vivo bookmarking transcription factor in the developing neural tube in mouse”
(Source: Journal of Neurochemistry)
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 11, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Tags: CORRECTION Source Type: research
Proteomics analysis of the brain from a Gaucher disease mouse identifies pathological pathways including a possible role for transglutaminase 1
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) caused by the defective activity of acid β-glucosidase (GCase;GBA1 gene). Neurological forms of GD (nGD) can be generated in mice by intra-peritoneal injection of conduritol B-epoxide (CBE) which irreversibly inhibits GCase. We performed non-targeted proteomics on brains from mice injected with 50 mg/kg body weight CBE. Approximately 5000 detected proteins were analyzed and compared with RNAseq data from previous studies. One protein, transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), was absent from the control group but was found at high levels in CBE-injected mice, and located in t...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 10, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shani Blumenreich,
Doreen Padan Ben ‐Yashar,
Tali Shalit,
Meital Kupervaser,
Ivan Milenkovic,
Tammar Joseph,
Anthony H. Futerman Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Involvement of spinal NADPH oxidase 4 and endoplasmic reticulum stress in morphine ‐tolerant rats
Schematic of the mechanism by which NOX4 participates in the development of morphine tolerance. Repeated administration of morphine upregulated the expression of NOX4 in the rat spinal cord by promoting the ER stress response. Then, BIP and the three UPR sensors (PERK, IRE1 and ATF6) were activated, which subsequently led to the upregulation of autophagy in GABAergic neurons and eventually led to the development of morphine tolerance. Blocking the activation of NOX4 in the spinal cord may be a new method for preventing the development of morphine tolerance. AbstractMorphine tolerance (MT) is currently a challenging issue r...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 9, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xuyang Xiao,
Jingjie Yang,
Qian Bai,
Zhitao Wang,
Yan Chen,
Yue Si,
Yaowei Xu,
Zhisong Li,
Huilian Bu Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Increased glucose metabolism and impaired glutamate transport in human astrocytes are potential early triggers of abnormal extracellular glutamate accumulation in hiPSC ‐derived models of Alzheimer's disease
Here we uncover a pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease linking abnormal hypermetabolism of glucose in hiPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons to an abnormal and potentially toxic glutamate accumulation. Increased glucose metabolism was found in astrocytes and neurons carrying familial Alzheimer's disease mutations. Diseased astrocytes exhibit reduced expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 but increased glutamate oxidative metabolism, which supports an increased synthesis of glutamine. Glutamine uptake is increased in diseased neurons, and glutamate release is enhanced completing a potentially toxic cyc...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 8, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Claudia Salcedo,
Victoria Pozo Garcia,
Bernat García‐Adán,
Aishat O. Ameen,
Georgi Gegelashvili,
Helle S. Waagepetersen,
Kristine K. Freude,
Blanca I. Aldana Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Associations between liver function and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in non ‐demented adults: The CABLE study
In this study, we analyzed the data from 1687 adults without dementia from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE study to investigate differences in liver function between pathological and clinical AD groups, as defined by the 2018 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association Research Framework. We also examined the linear relationship between liver function, CSF AD biomarkers, and cognition using linear regression models. Furthermore, mediation analyses were applied to explore the potential mediation effects of AD pathological biomarkers on cognition. Our findings indicated that, with AD pathological and ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 7, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pei ‐Yang Gao,
Ya‐Nan Ou,
Yi‐Ming Huang,
Zhi‐Bo Wang,
Yan Fu,
Ya‐Hui Ma,
Qiong‐Yao Li,
Li‐Yun Ma,
Rui‐Ping Cui,
Yin‐Chu Mi,
Lan Tan,
Jin‐Tai Yu Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Microglia ‐derived extracellular vesicles in homeostasis and demyelination/remyelination processes
Microglia (MG) monitor the brain parenchyma and detect danger signals in a surveillance state. This state is maintained through interactions with neurons mediated by CD200-CD200R, CD47-CD172a, and fractalkine-CX3CR1. Neuroinflammation, mediated by cytokines released by Th1/Th17 cells or by extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from other peripheral inflammatory cells, can activate MG to an M1 state. M1 MG release EVs containing pro-inflammatory cytokines and toxic metabolites which promote an A1 astroglial phenotype and induce demyelination. MG can also be activated to a pro-regenerative M2 state and release EVs capable of ...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: V. S. B. Wies Mancini,
V. S. Mattera,
J. M. Pasquini,
L. A. Pasquini,
J. D. Correale Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Issue Information
Front coverThis review article explains the safety, clinical effects and mechanism of action of ropinirole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in translational research (TR) and the close link between the patients and their iPSC-derived motor neurons in reverse translational research (rTR).Image contentThis cover image represents the traditional Japanese Kabuki performance “Renjishi (The Father and Son Shishi Lions in English)”. This performance is a powerful masterpiece about the love between parents and children. It shows parental ALS patients and their children, iPS cell-derived motor neurons, fighting ALS on a g...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Maternal separation early in life induces excessive activity of the central amygdala related to abnormal aggression
In this study, we aimed to thoroughly examine the association between aggression against conspecific animals and the activity of amygdala subnuclei using the maternal separation (MS) model, which is a common model of early life stress. In the MS group, pups of Sprague –Dawley rats were separated from their dam during postnatal days 2–20 (twice a day, 3 h each). We only included 9-week-old male offspring for each analysis and compared the MS group with the mother-reared control group; both groups were raised by the same dam during postnatal days 2–20. The results revealed that the MS group exhibited higher aggressio...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 2, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ken ‐ichi Ohta,
Chihiro Araki,
Hidetoshi Ujihara,
Keizo Iseki,
Shingo Suzuki,
Hikari Otabi,
Haruki Kumei,
Katsuhiko Warita,
Takashi Kusaka,
Takanori Miki Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: The role of enteroendocrine cells in visceral pain
In this Fundamental Neurochemistry Review, we discuss the novel interaction between enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and spinal afferent nociceptors and their role in visceral pain. We focus on the role of the intestinal membrane receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) in visceral nociception and its potential as a therapeutic target. AbstractWhile visceral pain is commonly associated with disorders of the gut –brain axis, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervate visceral structures and undergo hypersensitization in inflammatory models. The characterization of peripheral DRG n...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Annie Londregan,
Tyler D. Alexander,
Manuel Covarrubias,
Scott A. Waldman Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Reduced expression of GluN2A induces a delay in neuron maturation
Decreased expression of GluN2A causes an imbalance in the GluN2A/GluN2B ratio that delays neuron maturation and induces a more immature phenotype, characterized by the presence of immature dendritic spines and increased branching. This delay in maturation leads in turn to enhanced responses to glutamate stimulus, which may cause sensitization for seizure outcome. AbstractNMDA receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in synaptic plasticity both in physiological and pathological conditions. GluN2A and GluN2B are the most expressed NMDAR regulatory subunits, in the hippocampus and other cognitive-related brain structures. Gl...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - December 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mar ía Florencia Acutain,
María Verónica Baez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Psilocybin as a lead candidate molecule in preclinical therapeutic studies of psychiatric disorders: A systematic review
We conducted a literature review to assess the mechanisms, efficacy and therapeutic value of psilocybin, with a focus on the peer-reviewed preclinical literature. As a result, we identified 35 papers based on our search criteria. Psilocybin seems to display the most efficacy for depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours, but also shows considerable therapeutic value for compulsive-spectrum and fear-related disorders. Psilocybin seems to exert its therapeutic effects by altering functional connectivity patterns and modulating neuroplasticity (including associated molecular and cellular mediators). The role of the 5-HT2A r...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 30, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Authors: James J. Gattuso,
Carey Wilson,
Anthony J. Hannan,
Thibault Renoir Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
