Gender-contingent effects of leadership on loneliness.
This article builds from role congruity theory to develop and test a theoretical model about the gender-contingent experiences of loneliness for individuals taking on leadership roles. Across three complementary studies using diverse methods, occupying a leader role was associated with greater loneliness for women, but not for men. This effect was mediated by authenticity such that women experienced less authenticity when they occupied leader roles, but men did not. Study 1 applied a propensity score matching method to a longitudinal, archival data set. Study 2 replicated and extended Study 1 by examining the mediating mec...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Enhancing employee creativity: Effects of choice, rewards and personality.
We conducted a quasi-experimental field study of an organization-wide suggestion program and a follow-up laboratory experiment to examine the effects of choice of rewards on employee creativity. As hypothesized, the results of both studies showed that choice had positive, significant effects on the number of creative ideas employees generated and the creativity level of those ideas. Results of the quasi-experiment also showed that creative self-efficacy (CSE) mediated the effects of reward choice. Two general categories of rewards were examined in our studies—those that directly benefited the idea generator (Self) and th...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mindfulness attenuates both emotional and behavioral reactions following psychological contract breach: A two-stage moderated mediation model.
Breach of the psychological contract between organization and employee often evokes employee hostility, which in turn can instigate deviant behaviors. We examine whether employee mindfulness attenuates these reactions to psychological contract breach. Specifically, we develop and test a two-stage moderated mediation model in which employee mindfulness moderates the mediational path from psychological contract breach via hostility to deviance by attenuating both emotional and behavioral reactions. Findings across four studies (with 872 employee participants) both measuring and manipulating breach and mindfulness demonstrate...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Fit to be good: Physical fitness is negatively associated with deviance.
While modern organizations generate economic value, they also produce negative externalities in terms of human physical fitness, such that workers globally are becoming physically unfit. In the current research, we focus on a significant but overlooked indirect cost that lack of physical fitness entails—deviance. In contrast to early (and methodologically limited) research in criminology, which suggests that physically fit people are more likely to behave in a deviant manner, we draw on self-control theory to suggest the opposite: That physically fit people are less likely to engage in deviance. In Study 1, we assembled ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Rookies connected: Interpersonal relationships among newcomers, newcomer adjustment processes, and socialization outcomes.
How do relationships among newcomers in the same cohort impact how quickly they develop clear understandings of their new roles and, ultimately, key socialization outcomes? We study newcomers’ relationships with cohort members in the same unit (i.e., intra-unit relationships) and those in different units (i.e., inter-unit relationships). While organizations invest substantial time and resources in promoting broad networking among newcomers, we offer a theoretical and empirical account of how too many connections among fellow newcomers early in the socialization process can slow their adjustment—namely, their growth in ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Is it time to update and expand training motivation theory? A meta-analytic review of training motivation research in the 21st century.
Colquitt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85, p. 678) integrative theory based on meta-analysis and model testing has served as the foundation for our understanding of training motivation. However, the applicability of the theory today may be limited for several reasons. There has been significant growth in training motivation research since Colquitt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 2000, 85, p. 678) proposed and tested their theory. Also, advances in meta-analysis and model testing allow for a more complete and rigorous test of the theory than was previously possible. As a result, we propose and test a c...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 6, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Experienced incivility in the workplace: A meta-analytical review of its construct validity and nomological network.
Although workplace incivility has received increasing attention in organizational research over the past two decades, there have been recurring questions about its construct validity, especially vis-à-vis other forms of workplace mistreatment. Also, the antecedents of experienced incivility remain understudied, leaving an incomplete understanding of its nomological network. In this meta-analysis using Schmidt and Hunter’s [Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings (3rd ed.), Sage] random-effect meta-analytic methods, we validate the construct of incivility by testing its reliability, conve...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Does educational attainment promote job satisfaction? The bittersweet trade-offs between job resources, demands, and stress.
Education is considered one of the most critical human capital investments. But does formal educational attainment “pay off” in terms of job satisfaction? To answer this question, in Study 1 we use a meta-analytic technique to examine the correlation between educational attainment and job satisfaction (k = 74, N = 134,924) and find an effect size close to zero. We then build on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and research that distinguishes between working conditions and perceived stress to theorize that educational attainment involves notable trade-offs. In Study 2 we develop and test a multipath, two-stage med...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Bright sparks and enquiring minds: Differential effects of goal orientation on the creativity trajectory.
Why are some employees better than others at improving and maintaining their creativity over time? Despite decades of empirical study and theory on employee creativity, the temporal and developmental aspects of creativity are far from being fully understood. Emphasizing the dynamic nature of creativity, we propose that creativity trajectories are nonmonotonic, and that goal orientations explain individual variations in the ability to improve and sustain the productivity (number) and quality (novelty and usefulness) of ideas over time. Our findings from a longitudinal study at a manufacturing company suggest that employees ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
With great power comes more job demands: The dynamic effects of experienced power on perceived job demands and their discordant effects on employee outcomes.
In this work, we consider the complex and discordant effects that psychological power has on powerholders. To do so, we integrate the situated focus theory of power, which identifies perceptions of job demands as a key outcome of power, with new insights from the challenge-hindrance framework, which acknowledges that job demands may both help and hurt employees. Our model delineates how power-induced job demands may simultaneously benefit (manifested as goal progress and meaningfulness) and harm (manifested as physical discomfort and anxiety) powerholders. By identifying job demands as a key mediator we provide an integrat...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Assessing and interpreting interaction effects: A reply to Vancouver, Carlson, Dhanani, and Colton (2021).
We describe problems with these arguments and show conceptually and empirically that MMR (and the ΔR and ΔR2 it yields) is an appropriate and effective method for assessing both the statistical significance and magnitude of interaction effects. Nevertheless, we also applied the alternative approach Vancouver et al. recommended to test for interactions to primary data sets (k = 69) from Van Iddekinge et al. These new results showed that the ability × motivation interaction was not significant in 90% of the analyses, which corroborated Van Iddekinge et al.’s original conclusion that the interaction rarely increments the...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Interpreting moderated multiple regression: A comment on Van Iddekinge, Aguinis, Mackey, and DeOrtentiis (2018).
When data contradict theory, data usually win. Yet, the conclusion of Van Iddekinge, Aguinis, Mackey, and DeOrtentiis (2018) that performance is an additive rather than multiplicative function of ability and motivation may not be valid, despite applying a meta-analytic lens to the issue. We argue that the conclusion was likely reached because of a common error in the interpretation of moderated multiple-regression results. A Monte Carlo study is presented to illustrate the issue, which is that moderated multiple regression is useful for detecting the presence of moderation but typically cannot be used to determine whether ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Videoconference fatigue? Exploring changes in fatigue after videoconference meetings during COVID-19.
In response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global health pandemic, many employees transitioned to remote work, which included remote meetings. With this sudden shift, workers and the media began discussing videoconference fatigue, a potentially new phenomenon of feeling tired and exhausted attributed to a videoconference. In the present study, we examine the nature of videoconference fatigue, when this phenomenon occurs, and what videoconference characteristics are associated with fatigue using a mixed-methods approach. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses indicates that videoconference fatigue exists, of...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The psychological implications of COVID-19 on employee job insecurity and its consequences: The mitigating role of organization adaptive practices.
The current study aims to understand the detrimental effects of COVID-19 pandemic on employee job insecurity and its downstream outcomes, as well as how organizations could help alleviate such harmful effects. Drawing on event system theory and literature on job insecurity, we conceptualize COVID-19 as an event relevant to employees’ work, and propose that event strength (i.e., novelty, disruption, and criticality) of COVID-19 influences employee job insecurity, which in turn affects employee work and non-work outcomes. We also identified important organization adaptive practices responding to COVID-19 based on a prelimi...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Hitting the mark: The influence of emotional culture on resilient performance.
Previous research has established the role of positive emotional cultures such as companionate love and joy in predicting team performance. Building on this work, the present study analyzes the role of positive emotional culture variables as predictors of resilient performance by examining patterns of objective team performance in U.S. Army tank crews over time. We also broaden the emotional culture domain by investigating an action-oriented positive emotional culture of optimism and a negative emotional culture of anger. During a high-stakes international military training exercise, 55 U.S. Army tank crews (N = 175) compl...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
