The push-and-pull of frenemies: When and why ambivalent relationships lead to helping and harming.
We integrated theories of social exchange and emotional ambivalence to explain how ambivalent relationships influence interpersonally directed helping and harming behaviors. Using multiple methodologies, including a study of student teams, an experiment, and a quasifield study of retail employees, we compared ambivalent relationships with positive and negative relationships. Our three studies provide convergent evidence that ambivalent relationships with coworkers are positively related to both helping and harming behaviors. These dueling effects were mediated by the experience of ambivalent emotions. We also demonstrate t...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - September 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A meta-analytic investigation of the antecedents, theoretical correlates, and consequences of moral disengagement at work.
In this study, we present a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the nomological network of moral disengagement at work. First, we test its dispositional and contextual antecedents, theoretical correlates, and consequences, including ethics (workplace misconduct and organizational citizenship behaviors [OCBs]) and non-ethics outcomes (turnover intentions and task performance). Second, we examine Bandura’s postulation that moral disengagement fosters misconduct by diminishing moral cognitions (moral awareness and moral judgment) and anticipatory moral self-condemning emotions (guilt). We also test a contrarian view that ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - September 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Measurement specificity with modern methods: Using dimensions, facets, and items from personality assessments to predict performance.
The use of personality measures to predict work-related outcomes has been of great interest over the past several decades. The present study used machine learning (ML) to examine the optimal level in the personality hierarchy to use in developing predictive algorithms. This issue was examined in a sample of incumbent police officers (N = 1,043) who completed a multifaceted personality measure and were rated on their job performance. Criterion-related validity was investigated as a function of level of operationalization in the personality hierarchy (dimensions, facets, items), scoring method (unit weighting, ordinary least...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - September 16, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Work–leisure blending: An integrative conceptual review and framework to guide future research.
Since the industrial revolution, work and leisure have largely been considered opposing domains. A growing number of organizations, however, enable and/or promote blending leisure activities into the workplace. Similarly, several conceptualizations across different disciplines examine how work and leisure can coexist. These different conceptualizations have yielded a rich but fragmented theoretical account of work–leisure blending. To address this problem, we provide a comprehensive theoretical integration of multiple literature streams where research has explored work–leisure blending. Further, we develop a tripartite...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - September 13, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Indexing dynamic collective constructs using computer-aided text analysis: Construct validity evidence and illustrations featuring team processes.
Organizational processes have been widely recognized as both multilevel and dynamic, yet traditional methods of measurements limit our ability to model and understand such phenomena. Featuring a popular model of team processes advanced by Marks et al. (2001), we illustrate a method to use individuals’ communications as construct valid unobtrusive measures of collective constructs occurring over time. Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to develop computer-aided text analysis (CATA) techniques that can score members’ communications into valid team process measures. We apply a deductive content validity-based meth...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - September 6, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How CEOs respond to mortality salience during the COVID-19 pandemic: Integrating terror management theory with regulatory focus theory.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths in the U.S. As chief strategists of their respective firms, how do Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) react to mortality salience associated with the number of new daily COVID deaths in the U.S.? To answer this question, we integrate terror management theory (TMT) with regulatory focus theory to examine how CEOs respond to mortality salience. Based on a sample of CEOs of S&P 500 firms, we found that mortality salience was associated with CEOs’ increased other-orientation, and this association was more pronounced among those with high prevention focus. Mortalit...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Boundary work as a buffer against burnout: Evidence from healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Burnout represents a significant problem for many modern-day workers, but perhaps none more acutely than those in healthcare. Imbued with the chronic stressors that often accompany high-risk, interpersonal work, the healthcare industry is rife with stories of burnout, and the addition of a pandemic has intensified the challenges of an already demanding work environment. With an aim toward understanding the root causes of pandemic-exacerbated burnout, we document the experiences of 93 healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and, in doing so, explore an important link between burnout and work-nonwork boundaries. We f...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reflecting on death amidst COVID-19 and individual creativity: Cross-lagged panel data analysis using four-wave longitudinal data.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives all across the globe, making death more salient to many who may not have been readily cognizant of their mortality. While employees in certain occupations routinely deal with the idea of death or mortality (e.g., hospital workers, firefighters, and police officers), it is uncommon for the average employee to be within an environment that makes them aware of death. However, death awareness has been found to be negatively related to many important outcomes for the organization, including creativity. In the present study, using four-wave longitudinal data collected w...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The fatiguing effects of camera use in virtual meetings: A within-person field experiment.
In this study, we aimed to better understand how one salient feature of virtual meetings—the camera—impacts fatigue, which may affect outcomes during meetings (e.g., participant voice and engagement). We did so through the use of a 4-week within-person experience sampling field experiment where camera use was manipulated. Drawing from theory related to self-presentation, we propose and test a model where study condition (camera on versus off) was linked to daily feelings of fatigue; daily fatigue, in turn, was presumed to relate negatively to voice and engagement during virtual meetings. We further predict that gender ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Getting worse or getting better? Understanding the antecedents and consequences of emotion profile transitions during COVID-19-induced organizational crisis.
While some organizations are thriving during the COVID-19 pandemic, many are experiencing a crisis—a threat to organizational longevity, time pressure, and inadequate resources. Building on prior work examining emotions during times of crisis and changes that people undergo during major life transitions, as well as media accounts suggesting that employees have had positive and negative emotions tied to aspects of working during COVID-19, we adopt a person-centric view to examine profiles of monthly emotions regarding organizational reopening. Additionally, we consider how employees transition from one profile of emotions...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Distressed and distracted by COVID-19 during high-stakes virtual interviews: The role of job interview anxiety on performance and reactions.
Employers have increasingly turned to virtual interviews to facilitate online, socially distanced selection processes in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is little understanding about the experience of job candidates in these virtual interview contexts. We draw from Event System Theory (Morgeson et al., 2015) to advance and test a conceptual model that focuses on a high-stress, high-stakes setting and integrates literatures on workplace stress with literatures on applicant reactions. We predict that when applicants ruminate about COVID-19 during an interview and have higher levels of COVID-19 exhaustion, t...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Job search self-regulation during COVID-19: Linking search constraints, health concerns, and invulnerability to job search processes and outcomes.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous job loss and made it difficult for unemployed individuals to search for new jobs. Specifically, the pandemic has created numerous job search obstacles, such as increased childcare and community responsibilities, that interfere with job seekers’ ability to search for a job. Yet, the job search literature has scantily examined the implications of such job search constraints for job seekers even in normal times, and the limited studies that do exist have produced mostly null findings. Drawing from self-regulation theories, we position COVID-19 job search constraints as a catalyst ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Work as replenishment or responsibility? Moderating effects of occupational calling on the within-person relationship between COVID-19 news consumption and work engagement.
As the result of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), individuals have been inundated with constant negative news related to the pandemic. However, limited research examines how such news consumption impacts employees’ work lives, including their ability to remain engaged with their work. Integrating conservation of resources theory and insights from the media psychology literature with research on occupational calling, we propose that weekly COVID-related news consumption heightens employees’ anxiety levels, thereby frustrating their ability to remain engaged with work and that this process is differentially moderated by...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Building psychosocial safety climate in turbulent times: The case of COVID-19.
Our theoretically driven cluster-randomized cohort control study sought to understand how psychosocial safety climate (PSC)—a climate to protect worker psychological health—could be built in different organizational change scenarios. We drew on event system theory to characterize change (planned vs. shock) as an event (observable, bounded in time and space, nonroutine) to understand how events connect and impact organizational behavior and features (e.g., job design, PSC). Event 1 was an 8-month planned intervention involving training middle managers to enact PSC in work units and reduce job stressors. Event 2 was the ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - August 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How employees’ voice helps teams remain resilient in the face of exogenous change.
Teams often confront exogenous events that induce discontinuous change and unsettle existing routines. In the immediate aftermath of such events (the disruption stage), teams experience a dip in their performance and only over time regain their previous performance levels (in the recovery stage). We argue that prohibitive voice that allows teams to manage errors better is instrumental for preventing performance losses in the disruption stage. Whereas, promotive voice that helps teams innovate or improve team processes, can facilitate steeper and more positive performance trajectories in the recovery stage. We also propose ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - July 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
