Remote worker communication during COVID-19: The role of quantity, quality, and supervisor expectation-setting.
Given the huge increase in remote work that has accompanied the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, understanding predictors of performance and wellbeing among remote workers has never been more timely. Effective communication is commonly cited as key to remote worker success, yet communication variables are rarely incorporated into remote work research. In the present study, we examined the relationship between communication frequency, communication quality, and supervisor-set communication expectations with daily job performance and burnout in an occupationally-diverse sample of employees. We used an experience samp...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - December 2, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Working from home during COVID-19: A study of the interruption landscape.
We examine how the shift toward intensive work-from-home during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the experience of interruptions during work time. We conducted a two-wave survey of 249 employees working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on a conceptual framework and typology (Leroy et al., 2020), we examine changes in the prevalence of interruptions since-COVID-19 as a function of interruption type (intrusions, distractions, breaks, multitasking, and surprises), source (work-based vs. nonwork), and timing (pre- vs. since-COVID-19). We find a large increase in interruptions since-COVID...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - December 2, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Sacrificing heroes or suffering victims? Investigating third parties’ reactions to divergent social accounts of essential employees in the COVID-19 pandemic.
As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on globally, essential employees are widely recognized as heroes working on the frontlines confronting the virus and serving others. At the same time, stories abound whereby these essential employees are not provided adequate support and protection on their jobs. Nevertheless, they have been portrayed predominantly as heroes rather than as victims, which may inadvertently lead third parties (e.g., the general public) to overlook their suffering. The current research sought to understand the implications of these divergent social accounts of essential employees for third parties. We investigat...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - December 2, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Ethical incidents reported by industrial-organizational psychologists: A ten-year follow-up.
This article reports the results of an ethics survey of professional members of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP/APA-Div. 14) conducted in 2019, and compares its findings with those of a similar survey conducted in 2009. In 2019, but not 2009, international members and associates were included. A total of 680 survey responses were received in 2019, with 157 of them describing a narrative incident of a recently experienced ethical situation. In 2009, 228 of 661 respondents described a total of 292 incidents. Respondents were asked to categorize and rate their incidents on a variety of attribute...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - November 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The (in)congruence effect of leaders’ narcissism identity and reputation on performance: A socioanalytic multistakeholder perspective.
Judgments about others’ personal characteristics intertwine with social interactions in the workplace. The personality and social psychology literatures show forming impressions of what others are like is vitally important, in part, because it facilitates the forecasting and acceptance of others’ behavior. Interestingly, very few studies consider others’ (i.e., subordinates) judgments about their leaders’ personality and whether correspondence between leaders’ self-perceptions and these others’ judgments is capable of providing meaningful and unique information. Using a socioanalytic perspective that considers ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - November 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Protecting their turf: When and why supervisors undermine employee boundary spanning.
The benefits boundary spanners offer organizations by bridging information silos are well documented. However, informational boundary spanning also implies crossing organizational territories, as employees seek advice from others outside their supervisors’ control. Applying a territoriality theory lens, we develop new insights about when and why supervisors may view their subordinates’ informational boundary-spanning activities unfavorably and attempt to undermine boundary spanners. We argue that undermining results from supervisors perceiving the boundary spanning of their employees as weakening their control over the...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - November 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Resilience in organization-related research: An integrative conceptual review across disciplines and levels of analysis.
Resilience is a topic of growing interest in the literature focused on organizations. There is an extensive research on resilience but it is embedded in a variety of disconnected literatures that have developed in different research fields, involving varying levels of analysis and different subconstructs. This has resulted in a general confusion surrounding the concept of resilience and its relationship to similar constructs. In this paper, we synthesize this fragmented literature to better understand organization-related resilience and set the stage for future work in this area. First, based on a bibliographic coupling an...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - November 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Challenging conclusions about predictive bias against Hispanic test takers in personnel selection.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(2), Feb 2023, 341-349; doi:10.1037/apl0000978Berry et al. (2020) noted that predictive bias is a function of three factors: subgroup mean difference on the predictor (dx), subgroup mean difference on the criterion (dy), and test validity (rxy). They used meta-analytic estimates of each of these three to examine predictive bias against Hispanic test takers when cognitive tests are used in personnel selection. They found that tests underpredict Hispanic job performance by an average of .21 SDs, which would call into question the fairness of cognitive test use in personnel selection. We ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - November 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Is physical activity before the end of the workday a drain or a gain? Daily implications on work focus in regular exercisers.
Although organizations increasingly offer wellness programs that enable employees to work out before or during work, it remains unknown what implications physical activity before or during the workday might have for work outcomes. Whereas a workout might be rewarding, especially for those who enjoy exercise, working out might also be draining, especially for those who are less intrinsically motivated to exercise. Integrating the Work–Home Resources model with self-determination theory, we develop and test theory which identifies how physical activity before the end of the workday might exert countervailing effects by imp...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - November 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The impact of leader dominance on employees’ zero-sum mindset and helping behavior.
Leaders strive to encourage helping behaviors among employees, as it positively affects both organizational and team effectiveness. However, the manner in which a leader influences others can unintentionally limit this desired behavior. Drawing on social learning theory, we contend that a leader’s tendency to influence others via dominance could decrease employees’ interpersonal helping. Dominant leaders, who influence others by being assertive and competitive, shape their subordinates’ cognitive schema of success based on zero-sum thinking. Employees with a zero-sum mindset are more likely to believe that they can o...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - October 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Relational aspects of vicarious retribution: Evidence from professional baseball.
Acts of negative reciprocity can generate destructive sequences of reprisal. In baseball, hitting a batter with a pitch generally represents a vicarious form of retribution on behalf of a teammate. To understand a practice prone to escalation, we examine how dyadic relationships and team characteristics influence punitive aggression during games. Constructing a suite of indicator variables with data from two decades of play enabled us to track the shifting state of relational accounting between opposing teams. Even though motives to engage in further retribution may exist, logistic regression establishes that curbs limit e...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - October 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Young stars and red giants: The moderating effect of age diversity on the relationship between the proportion of high performers and team performance.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions under which high performers increase team performance. It is hypothesized that the proportion of high performers in a team increases team performance but only up to a certain point, after which the marginal benefit decreases. Moreover, this study also draws on recent research on the interplay between different types of status hierarchies to hypothesize that the negative effects on team performance of having too high a proportion of high performers are weaker in teams where there is greater age diversity among the high performers and stronger in those where there is...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - October 21, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Choosing sides: CEO gender and investor support for activist campaigns.
Recent evidence suggests that female-led firms are more likely to be targeted by activist investors. We examine how Chief Executive Officer (CEO) gender influences retail investors’ responses to proxy contests. We find that these investors are more likely to support—through their proxy voting behavior—campaigns that target female-led versus male-led firms, despite the fact that retail investors evaluate female and male CEOs similarly. We show that this apparent discrepancy is a function of how subjective ratings mask stereotype-influenced judgments, consistent with the shifting standards model (SSM). Respondents use ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - October 21, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Meta-analysis of biodata in employment settings: Providing clarity to criterion and construct-related validity estimates.
This study establishes a precise understanding of biodata validity by conducting an updated meta-analysis that differentiates biodata validity in terms of two important defining features: construct domain and scoring method (rational, hybrid, empirical). Evidence was established in terms of criterion-related validity with job performance and additional work outcomes, as well as convergent validity with common external hiring measures. In total, 180 independent samples of criterion correlations were examined, and 63 samples were analyzed containing correlations with convergent measures. Findings across the meta-analyses rev...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - October 21, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Theory-driven game-based assessment of general cognitive ability: Design theory, measurement, prediction of performance, and test fairness.
Games, which can be defined as an externally structured, goal-directed type of play, are increasingly being used in high-stakes testing contexts to measure targeted constructs for use in the selection and promotion of employees. Despite this increasing popularity, little is known about how theory-driven game-based assessments (GBA), those designed to reflect a targeted construct, should be designed, or their potential for achieving their simultaneous goals of positive reactions and high-quality psychometric measurement. In the present research, we develop a theory of GBA design by integrating game design and development th...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - October 21, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
