Within-person personality variability in the work context: A blessing or a curse for job performance?
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(11), Nov 2023, 1834-1855; doi:10.1037/apl0001101Only recently, the question whether within-person personality variability is a blessing or a curse for job performance has reached the agendas of industrial and organizational (I–O) psychology researchers. Yet, this limited stream of research resulted in inconsistent findings, and only little understanding exists about the role of rater source and mean-level personality in this relationship. Broadly following socioanalytic theory, the present study examined the extent to which self- and other-rated within-person personality variability...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
No person is an island: Unpacking the work and after-work consequences of interacting with artificial intelligence.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(11), Nov 2023, 1766-1789; doi:10.1037/apl0001103The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution has arrived, as AI systems are increasingly being integrated across organizational functions into the work lives of employees. This coupling of employees and machines fundamentally alters the work-related interactions to which employees are accustomed, as employees find themselves increasingly interacting with, and relying on, AI systems instead of human coworkers. This increased coupling of employees and AI portends a shift toward more of an “asocial system,” wherein people may feel social...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 12, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Wearing different hats enriches “outside the box” thinking: Examining the relationship between personal life activity breadth and creativity at work.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(11), Nov 2023, 1881-1901; doi:10.1037/apl0001098People wear many salient hats across the different parts of their lives and recent advances in the work–life literature have called attention to the necessary addition of personal life activities to be studied as a unique facet of nonwork to better understand interrole relationships. We therefore draw on enrichment theory to examine why and when employees’ participation in personal life activities can positively influence creativity at work through nonwork cognitive developmental resources. Moreover, by integrating insights from cons...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 8, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Crossing the domain: Unintended consequences of safety and service climates.
In this study, we examined the cross-domain main roles of service climate (on safety performance) and safety climate (on service performance) and their joint roles in predicting service and safety performance. Drawing on the exploration–exploitation framework, we further introduced team exploration and team exploitation as explanatory mechanisms for the cross-domain relationships. We conducted two multiwave, multisource field studies using nursing teams in hospitals. Results from Study 1 showed that service climate had a positive relationship with service performance but a nonsignificant relationship with safety performa...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 8, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Consistent and low is the only way to go: A polynomial regression approach to the effect of abusive supervision inconsistency.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(10), Oct 2023, 1619-1639; doi:10.1037/apl0001096The literature on abusive supervision largely presumes that employees respond to abuse in a relatively straightforward way: When abuse is present, outcomes are unfavorable, and when abuse is absent, outcomes are favorable (or, at least less unfavorable). Yet despite the recognition that abusive supervision can vary over time, little consideration has been given to how past experiences of abuse may impact the ways employees react to it (or, its absence) in the present. This is a notable oversight, as it is widely acknowledged that past ex...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 8, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
When does paternalistic control positively relate to job satisfaction and citizenship behavior in Taiwan? The role of follower expectation.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(10), Oct 2023, 1598-1618; doi:10.1037/apl0001097Although prior research predicts mainly that followers expect leaders to exert less paternalistic control (such as emphasis on discipline, didactic instruction, and belittling followers), we argue that such an expectation may not be stable overtime or across settings. Based on the connectionist perspectives of implicit leadership theories, we propose a follower expectation model of paternalistic control, in which followers compare their perceived with expected levels of paternalistic control. Two inconsistent conditions—insufficient an...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 8, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Humane orientation, work–family conflict, and positive spillover across cultures.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(10), Oct 2023, 1573-1597; doi:10.1037/apl0001093Although cross-national work–family research has made great strides in recent decades, knowledge accumulation on the impact of culture on the work–family interface has been hampered by a limited geographical and cultural scope that has excluded countries where cultural expectations regarding work, family, and support may differ. We advance this literature by investigating work–family relationships in a broad range of cultures, including understudied regions of the world (i.e., Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Asia). We focus on humane ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 8, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
COVID-19 and the great resignation: The role of death anxiety, need for meaningful work, and task significance.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(11), Nov 2023, 1790-1811; doi:10.1037/apl0001102One of the most perplexing aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic is that although it created employment uncertainty, employees were reporting a higher-than-expected intent to turnover. To understand this COVID-19-induced “Great Resignation,” we applied terror management theory (TMT). Specifically, we hypothesized that death anxiety from COVID-19 indirectly relates to turnover intentions via the increase in the need for meaningful work, and that task significance would conditionally moderate this indirect effect. We tested these hypotheses...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Is it just me or am I the people’s choice? The stress and performance implications of (in)congruence between self- and other-identification as a leader or follower.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(10), Oct 2023, 1680-1698; doi:10.1037/apl0001090Identifying oneself and being identified by others as a leader (vs. a follower) is a critical aspect of informal leadership. But what happens when an organizational member’s personal leader identity differs from how others identify them? Grounded in stress appraisal theory, this study explores the individual-level implications of (in)congruence between self- and other-identification as a leader or follower. We develop a conceptual model that explains how different forms of leader identity (in)congruence generate stress appraisals that ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The definition and measurement of human capital resources: A content and meta-analytic review.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(9), Sep 2023, 1486-1514; doi:10.1037/apl0001088Although human capital resources (HCR) can be important for organizational performance, researchers have defined and measured HCR in various ways. Consequently, it is unclear whether existing measures provide valid inferences about HCR or their relations with other constructs. We conducted this three-study research to address these issues. In Study 1, we reviewed HCR definitions (k = 84) and found that most definitions focus on collective knowledge, skills, and abilities. Recent definitions also tend to include other characteristics (e.g....
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Adverse impact reduction and job performance optimization via pareto-optimal weighting: A shrinkage formula and regularization technique using machine learning.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(9), Sep 2023, 1461-1485; doi:10.1037/apl0001085In personnel selection practice, one useful technique for reducing adverse impact and enhancing diversity is the Pareto-optimal weighting approach of De Corte et al. (2007). This approach produces a series of hiring solutions that characterize a diversity–job performance trade-off and can lead to more optimal selection outcomes (sometimes doubling the number of job offers for minority applicants without changing the job performance outcomes of personnel selection). Despite these advantages, recent research has identified a potential pro...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
New strategies for addressing the diversity–validity dilemma with big data.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(9), Sep 2023, 1425-1444; doi:10.1037/apl0001084The diversity–validity dilemma is one of the enduring challenges in personnel selection. Technological advances and new techniques for analyzing data within the fields of machine learning and industrial organizational psychology, however, are opening up innovative ways of addressing this dilemma. Given these rapid advances, we first present a framework unifying analytical methods commonly used in these two fields to reduce group differences. We then propose and demonstrate the effectiveness of two approaches for reducing group differenc...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
When narcissists exemplify ethics: Contingent consequences of ethical leadership.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(8), Aug 2023, 1372-1390; doi:10.1037/apl0001081Organizations increasingly encourage, recognize, and reward ethical leadership to preempt the economic and reputational risks associated with ethical failures. At the same time, organizational leadership positions are disproportionately occupied by individuals higher in narcissism. We highlight how the combination of these two phenomena carries important organizational implications by examining how ethical leadership behaviors differentially impact leaders based on their level of narcissism. Building upon self-concordance theory, we intro...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The importance of leader recovery for leader identity and behavior.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(10), Oct 2023, 1717-1736; doi:10.1037/apl0001092For individuals who hold leadership positions in their organizations, identifying as a leader day-to-day can have significant implications for their performance and interactions with followers. Despite the importance of leader identity, however, little is known about how leaders can start their workday in a cognitive state that allows them to identify more strongly with their leader role. Integrating recovery research with leader identity theory, we investigated the implications of psychological detachment and affect-focused rumination f...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 6, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Meetings and individual work during the workday: Examining their interdependent impact on knowledge workers’ energy.
Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 108(10), Oct 2023, 1640-1661; doi:10.1037/apl0001091An important issue that has received little attention to date is how different types of work activities may interplay to influence workday energy, a critical resource for individuals’ performance at work. Integrating the notion of workday design with event system theory, we examine two prominent types of work activities for knowledge workers—meetings and individual work—to investigate how time allocation and pressure complementarity between them influence workday energy. We conducted two experience sampling studies, one with 245 kn...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - April 6, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
