Trapped by a first hypothesis: How rudeness leads to anchoring.
In this article we explore the effect of encounters with rudeness on the tendency to engage in anchoring, one of the most robust and widespread cognitive biases. Integrating the self-immersion framework with the selective accessibility model (SAM), we propose that rudeness-induced negative arousal will narrow individuals’ perspectives in a way that will make anchoring more likely. Additionally, we posit that perspective taking and information elaboration will attenuate the effect of rudeness on both negative arousal and subsequent anchoring. Across four experimental studies, we test the impact of exposure to rudeness on ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 10, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How employees react to unsolicited and solicited advice in the workplace: Implications for using advice, learning, and performance.
Employees are often reluctant to ask for advice, despite its potential benefits. Giving employees unsolicited advice may be a way to realize the benefits of advice without relying on them to ask for it. However, for these benefits to surface, it is critical to understand how employees react to unsolicited and solicited advice. Here, we suggest that recipients are likely to attribute self-serving motives to those providing unsolicited advice and prosocial motives to those providing solicited advice. These motives shape the extent to which recipients use advice, learn from it, and perform better as a result of receiving it. ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 10, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Not very competent but connected: Leaders’ use of employee social networks as prisms to make delegation decisions.
Delegation is a critical tool for busy managers. Early delegation research suggests that managers are reluctant to delegate beyond a few highly competent employees or those with whom they have a strong relationship. Extending this line of research, we integrate signaling theory with a view of social networks as “prisms,” to demonstrate the relevance of employees’ network ties in the work unit for delegation. Signaling theory argues that when direct data about employee competence are mixed or ambiguous, decision makers will look for more indirect signals with which to make inferences about quality and reputation. One ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 7, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The influence of COVID-induced job search anxiety and conspiracy beliefs on job search effort: A within-person investigation.
New labor market entrants face significant hurdles when searching for a job, with these stressors likely amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we consider how COVID-induced job search anxiety—feeling anxious about one’s job search due to issues imposed by the pandemic—has the potential to affect adaptive, goal-directed efforts, and maladaptive, goal-avoidant reactions. We theorize that this anxiety can prompt job seekers to engage in problem-solving pondering and affect-focused rumination, with these experiences relating to whether job seekers engage in various forms of search-related efforts the following we...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 7, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Risks and rewards of conscientiousness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Highly conscientious workers are more motivated and productive than their less conscientious colleagues. Moreover, conscientious employees tend to be more satisfied and less stressed from their work. One consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, is that many workers have transitioned to working remotely, often under conditions of less direct supervision and less clarity about expected work activities and outcomes. We proposed that this significant change in work context constitutes a weakening of situational strength that can change the relationship of conscientiousness with job strain, job satisfaction, and job perfo...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - June 7, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
First impression effects in organizational psychology.
The study of first impressions, which consistently demonstrate meaningful and surprisingly durable impacts on attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions, is pervasive across psychological disciplines. In this integrative conceptual review, we focus on first impressions within the organizational psychology literature, which have been explored across an impressive variety of topical domains (e.g., selection, socialization, leader–subordinate relationships, job performance, and teams) though largely in fragmented ways. Our review attempts to resolve major differences in how researchers have approached first impression effects to ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 31, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The PCMT model of organizational support: An integrative review and reconciliation of the organizational support literature.
We present an integrative conceptual review that reconciles the organizational support, social exchange, and social support literatures. In particular, we argue that the prevailing, singular conceptualization of organizational support is misaligned with contemporary perspectives on social exchange—which has served as the bedrock for organizational support theory since organizational support theory’s inception—and is inconsistent with the social support literature—which has long recognized that support takes several forms. Thus, we draw on both the social exchange and social support literatures to develop four uniqu...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 31, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Multiple jobholding motivations and experiences: A typology and latent profile analysis.
Researchers have traditionally suggested that multiple jobholders (MJHers; individuals who work more than one job) are economically deprived and piece together employment to make ends meet. More recently, scholars have demonstrated that MJHers are also motivated for nonpecuniary benefits. In the current research, we employ a mixed-methods, three-study research design on 1,487 MJHers to develop a comprehensive typology of multiple jobholding (MJH) motivations, advance our understanding of how MJH motivations co-occur through the generation of latent MJH motivational profiles, and test how MJH experiences differ by profile. ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Too much to know? The cognitive demands of daily knowledge seeking and the buffering role of coworker contact quality.
To get their work done and achieve their daily work-related goals, employees seek knowledge from their coworkers. While the benefits of knowledge seeking have been established in the literature, we have yet to understand the potential downsides of daily knowledge seeking. We adopt a cognitive perspective to carve out the negative effect of daily knowledge seeking, while controlling for its established positive effect via perceived learning. Based on cognitive load theory, we argue that daily knowledge seeking produces intrinsic cognitive load that can hinder daily goal attainment through the experience of knowledge overloa...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Talking about COVID-19 is positively associated with team cultural tightness: Implications for team deviance and creativity.
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected everyone’s work and daily life, and many employees are talking with their coworkers about this widespread pandemic on a regular basis. In this research, we examine how talking about crises such as COVID-19 at the team level affects team dynamics and behaviors. Drawing upon cultural tightness–looseness theory, we propose that talking about the COVID-19 crisis among team members is positively associated with team cultural tightness, which in turn benefits teams by decreasing team deviance but hurts teams by decreasing team creativity. Furthermore, we suggest that team virtu...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The COVID-19 pandemic and new hire engagement: Relationships with unemployment rates, state restrictions, and organizational tenure.
The purpose of this article is to simultaneously advance theory and practice by understanding how the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relates to new hire engagement. Prior research suggests starting a new job is an uncertain experience; we theorize that the COVID-19 pandemic creates additional environmental stressors that affect new hire engagement. First, we hypothesize that the occurrence of COVID-19 and unemployment rates relate negatively to engagement. Second, we theorize that the effects of the pandemic become more disruptive on new hire engagement as they gain tenure within the organization. Third, draw...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Working through an “infodemic”: The impact of COVID-19 news consumption on employee uncertainty and work behaviors.
Uncertainty is a defining feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because uncertainty is an aversive state, uncertainty reduction theory (URT) holds that employees try to manage it by obtaining information. To date, most evidence for the effectiveness of obtaining information to reduce uncertainty stems from research conducted in relatively stable contexts wherein employees can acquire consistent information. Yet, research on crises and news consumption provides reasons to believe that the potential for information to mitigate uncertainty as specified by URT may break down during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Dormant tie reactivation as an affiliative coping response to stressors during the COVID-19 crisis.
This study takes an affiliative coping theory perspective to examine whether working adults reactivated dormant ties with individuals they had not contacted for at least 3 years to cope with stressors experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Stressors originating in the workplace (job insecurity and remote work) and in the family (stressful familial social ties) were examined in a sample of 232 working adults in the southeastern United States. Individuals were more likely to reactivate their dormant ties when their job was insecure, and the magnitude of the reactivations was greater among individuals experiencing stressfu...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What does it cost you to get there? The effects of emotional journeys on daily outcomes.
Scholarly understanding of emotions and emotion regulation rests on two incompatible truths—that positive emotions are positively beneficial and should be pursued, and that changing emotions may come at a cost. With both perspectives in mind, to really conclude that pursuing higher positive affect (PA) is a worthy journey, we must take into account the cost of that journey itself. We build from the affect shift literature and draw on self-regulation theories to argue that, although end-states characterized by more positive (and fewer negative) emotions will be beneficial, the emotional changes required to “get there”...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Different starting lines, different finish times: The role of social class in the job search process.
Although social class is an important construct throughout the social sciences, it has received only minimal attention in the industrial–organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and human resource management literatures. As a result, little is known regarding the potential role of social class in the work and career context. The present study examines the role of social class during the job search process. We integrate self-regulation and social class perspectives to hypothesize ways social class may influence job search antecedents, behaviors, and outcomes. Analysis of longitudinal data from new job entrants ...
Source: Journal of Applied Psychology - May 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
