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Smoking and severe illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan
ConclusionsThe severity of COVID-19 was not associated with current or former smoking per se but with the comorbidities caused by smoking. Thus, smoking cessation is likely to be a key factor for preventing smoking-related disease and hence for reducing the risk of severe COVID-19. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - December 11, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Prevalence, risk factors and short-term consequences of adverse birth outcomes in Zimbabwean pregnant women: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial
ConclusionsNeonatal mortality and stillbirth are high in Zimbabwe and appear to be driven by high preterm birth. Interventions for primary prevention of preterm birth and strengthened  management of preterm labour and ill and small neonates are required to reduce neonatal mortality in Zimbabwe and other African countries with similar profiles. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - December 7, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile Update: Cognition and dementia in the Health and Aging in Africa Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH community in South Africa (HAALSI dementia)
National Institute on Aging10.13039/1000000495R01AG054066Harvard Center for Population and Development StudiesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health10.13039/100008548MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research UnitUniversity of the Witwatersrand10.13039/100009467Medical Research Council10.13039/501100000265Wellcome Trust10.13039/100010269058893/Z/99/A069683/Z/02/Z085477/Z/08/Z085477/B/08/ZSouth African National Research Foundation119234 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - December 6, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile: The Lausanne cohort 65+ (Lc65+)
Public Health Department of canton VaudCentre for Primary Care and Public HealthUniversity of Lausanne Hospital CentreInstitute of Social and Preventive MedicineCommunity Health and Medicine DepartmentService of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric RehabilitationSwiss National Foundation for Scientific Researchthe Leenaards Foundation (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 29, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Do sibling comparisons answer the causal question? In response to ‘No causal associations between childhood family income and subsequent psychiatric disorders, substance misuse and violent crime arrests’
The recent paper by Sariaslanet al.1 on the causal impact of childhood family income has gained attention in the field of social medicine. And rightfully so, as it is a comprehensive, well-conducted and important piece of epidemiological work. It is also one of few instances in which a precise null-finding may have important political implications. Quoting the authors: ‘An important implication of our findings, if replicated in other contexts, is that interventions that primarily focus on improving parental earnings will unlikely lead to reductions in rates of psychiatric disorders, substance misuse and violent arrests i...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Low-intensity cigarette smoking and mortality risks: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies in Japan
ConclusionsSmoking very low amounts was associated with increased mortality risks in Japan. All smokers should quit, even if they smoke very few CPD. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - October 30, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

How blood pressure predicts frailty transitions in older adults in a population-based cohort study: a multi-state transition model
ConclusionsBP categories had no strong relationship with either forward transitions or backward transitions in frailty states. If our findings are confirmed with greater precision and assuming a causal relationship, they would suggest that there is no well-defined optimal BP level to prevent frailty among older adults. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - October 15, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Azithromycin distribution and childhood mortality in compliance-related subgroups in Niger: complier average causal effect and spillovers in a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial
ConclusionsAs expected, this analysis suggested similar efficacy among treated children compared with the intention-to-treat analysis. Though the results were consistent with a small spillover benefit to untreated children, this trial was underpowered to detect spillovers. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - September 11, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile: The Care Trajectories —Enriched Data (TorSaDE) cohort
Healthcare trajectoriesCanadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)longitudinal administrative datachronic diseases (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - September 1, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Commentary: Post- COVID-19 mobility and traffic noise-induced health effects
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - August 5, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Residential exposure to traffic-borne pollution as a risk factor for acute cardiocerebrovascular events: a population-based retrospective cohort study in a highly urbanized area
ConclusionsLiving by roads with a day-evening-night noise level above 70 dBA exerts a small but tangible independent effect on the risks of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. It is urgent to propose mitigation measures against pollution and noise originating from vehicular traffic in order to reduce their impact, especially in the population younger than 60  years. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - July 19, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and autoimmunity: sex differences in mouse models
In this study, the authors show an exposure-dependent association between respirable silica and rheumatic diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis. This exposure-response relation was especially demonstrated in male workers, suggesting either a gender effect or the impact of higher/longer exposure in men as compared with women. These sex differences have also been highlighted in recent single-centre and nationwide studies in SSc.2,3 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - July 15, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Predicting and forecasting the impact of local outbreaks of COVID-19: use of SEIR-D quantitative epidemiological modelling for healthcare demand and capacity
ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that by using local/regional data, our predictive and forecasting model can be utilized to guide the local healthcare demand and capacity, policy-making and public health decisions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the local population. Understanding how future COVID-19 spikes/waves could possibly affect the regional populations empowers us to ensure the timely commissioning and organization of services. The flexibility of timings in the model, in combination with other early-warning systems, produces a time frame for these services to prepare and isolate capacity for likely and potentia...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - July 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Erratum to: Childhood overweight and obesity and timing of puberty in boys and girls: cohort and sibling-matched analyses
First published online: 5 May 2020,Int J Epidemiol 2020;49:834 –844.https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa056 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - July 8, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Authors ’ response to: Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica and autoimmunity: sex-differences in mouse models
Danish Working Environment Research Fund34 –2016-09Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung to elaborate SYNJEM (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - July 5, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research