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A directed acyclic graph for interactions
ConclusionsThe IDAG allows for a both intuitive and stringent way of illustrating interactions. It helps to distinguish between causal and non-causal mechanisms behind effect variation. Conclusions about how to empirically estimate interactions can be drawn —as well as conclusions about how to achieve generalizability in contexts where interest lies in estimating an overall effect. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 22, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Association of maternal diabetes with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability
ConclusionThe association of maternal diabetes with NDDs in offspring varies depending on the co-morbid presentation of the NDDs, with the greatest odds associated with outcomes that included ID. Results of paternal-comparison studies suggest that the above associations are likely to be partly confounded by shared familial factors, such as genetic liability. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 22, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Are there causal relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and body mass index? Evidence from multiple genetically informed designs
ConclusionsThe three methods converged to highlight multiple sources of confounding in the association between ADHD and BMI. PS and MR analyses suggested plausible causal relationships in both directions. Possible explanations for mixed causal findings across methods are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 22, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Erratum to: COVID-19 healthcare demand and mortality in Sweden in response to non-pharmaceutical mitigation and suppression scenarios
First published online: 20 September 2020,Int J Epidemiol 2020; doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa121 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 22, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Does level of education influence mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in a developing country?
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus of international concern which spreads mainly from person to person through respiratory droplets.1,2 As of July 2020, outbreaks are being reported in China, the pandemic ’s country of origin where it was thought initially to be controlled.3 In a similar manner, the pandemic is increasing in prevalence in other countries, such as Peru, where quarantine started on 15 March 2020 and the first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was registered on 18 March. As of 7 September, 2020,>27 million cases had been confirmed across...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 22, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Metabolic profiles of socio-economic position: a multi-cohort analysis
ConclusionsOur work indicates that social and economic factors have a measurable impact on human physiology. Lower SEP was independently associated with a generally unfavourable metabolic profile, consistent across ages and cohorts. The metabolites we found to be associated with SEP, including DHA, are known to predict cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline in later life and may contribute to health inequalities. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 21, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Trends in paediatric central nervous system tumour incidence by global region from 1988 to 2012
ConclusionsEpidemiologic and molecular studies on underlying mechanisms for changes in the global incidence of CNS tumours are necessary. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 21, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Use of linked administrative and laboratory data to confirm that serum 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women can be predicted from satellite estimates of ultraviolet radiation
ConclusionNASA-derived erythemal UVR dose in the 90  days prior to venesection is a significant predictor of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women. Linked administrative data can be used to investigate associations between UVR during pregnancy and health outcomes in offspring. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 21, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Population-based organized screening by faecal immunochemical testing and colorectal cancer mortality: a natural experiment
ConclusionsFIT-based organized screening in Spain was associated with reductions in population colorectal cancer mortality. Further research is warranted in order to assess the replicability and external validity of our findings, and on gender-specific use of FIT in organized screening. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 19, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The effects of eight serum lipid biomarkers on age-related macular degeneration risk: a Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionThese results suggest the role of lipid metabolism in drusen formation and particularly in AMD development at the early and intermediate stages. Mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate the utility of lipid pathways for therapeutic treatment in preventing AMD. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 19, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Inter-mortality displacement hypothesis and short-term effect of ambient air pollution on mortality in seven major cities of South Korea: a time-series analysis
ConclusionsIMD may exist in the relationship between air pollution and mortality. The actual relationship between air pollution and cause-specific mortality may be masked by IMD. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 19, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Religious dietary rules and their potential nutritional and health consequences
ConclusionWhen implemented in accordance with the rules, most religious food precepts are not detrimental to health, as suggested by the fact that they have more or less been followed for millennia. Nevertheless, some practices may lead to nutritional inadequacies, such as iron, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Patients with low socio-economic status, children and women of childbearing age are of particular risk of such deficiencies. Being aware of them should help health professionals to take an individualized approach to decide whether to supplement or not. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 18, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women ’s health and domestic violence
ConclusionsUnderstanding the prevalence and health impact of different forms and categories of IPV is crucial to risk assessment, tailoring responses to individuals and planning services. Previous analyses that focused on singular forms of IPV likely underestimated the more harmful impacts of combined forms of abuse. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 12, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Early-life antibiotic use and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum  disorder: results of a discordant twin study
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the association between early-life antibiotic use and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorder may be confounded by shared familial environment and genetics. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 12, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Data Resource Profile: The Copenhagen Hospital Biobank (CHB)
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 10, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research