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Cohort Profile: The Collaborating Consortium of Cohorts Producing NIDA Opportunities (C3PNO)
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - March 2, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Social inequalities and COVID-19 mortality in the city of S ão Paulo, Brazil
ConclusionOur results reveal striking social inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in S ão Paulo, exposing structural inequities in Brazilian society that were not addressed by the governmental response to COVID-19. Without an equitable response, COVID-19 will further exacerbate current social inequalities in São Paulo. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 28, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Low-intensity daily smoking and cause-specific mortality in Mexico: prospective study of 150  000 adults
ConclusionsIn this Mexican population, low-intensity daily smoking was associated with increased mortality. Of those smoking 10 cigarettes per day on average, about one-third were killed by their habit. Quitting substantially reduced these risks. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 28, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Early life exposure to tobacco smoke and ovarian cancer risk in adulthood
ConclusionsExposure to parental tobacco smoke in the home, but not early initiation of smoking, was associated with a modest elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 27, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Methods for estimating tuberculosis incidence and mortality by age and sex
ConclusionsWhile multi-stage, this approach is comparatively simple in overall logic. Disaggregated estimates have relatively larger uncertainty and should be used with caution. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 24, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Electronic cigarettes and public health: a policy brief
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 22, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California
ConclusionThe estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Santa Clara County implies that COVID-19 was likely more widespread than indicated by the number of cases in late March, 2020. At the time, low-burden contexts such as Santa Clara County were far from herd-immunity thresholds. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 22, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Erratum to: Cohort Profile: The Cohorts Consortium of Latin America and the Caribbean (CC-LAC) Cohorts Consortium of Latin America and the Caribbean (CC-LAC)
First published online: 5 September 2020,Int J Epidemiol 2020;49:1437 –1437g, doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa073 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 20, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Commentary: Big data bring big controversies: HDL cholesterol and mortality
No matter how large a study, how richly it is phenotyped or how intriguing the findings that emerge, it behoves us to be sceptical in interpreting evidence arising from observational epidemiological studies. Various intractable sources of error, including reverse causality and residual confounding, hinder interpretations on potential causal relationships between exposures and outcomes in observational study settings.1 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 19, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Reflection on modern methods: building causal evidence within high-dimensional molecular epidemiological studies of moderate size
AbstractThis commentary provides a practical perspective on epidemiological analysis within a single high-dimensional study of moderate size to consider a causal question. In this setting, non-causal confounding is important. This occurs when a factor is a determinant of outcome and the underlying association between exposure and the factor is non-causal. That is, the association arises due to chance, confounding or other bias rather than reflecting that exposure and the factor are causally related. In particular, the influence of technical processing factors must be accounted for by pre-processing measures to remove artef...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 17, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Characterizing a two-pronged epidemic in Mexico of non-communicable diseases and SARS-Cov-2: factors associated with increased case-fatality rates
ConclusionIn younger adults, higher CFRs were associated with the total number of NCDs and some combinations of type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 15, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile: The Shanghai Children ’s Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation, Preschool (SCHEDULE-P) study
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 12, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Commentary: Silica —A Multisystem Hazard
Silica has a long history. Inhalation of silica, a ubiquitous constituent of the Earth ’s crust in the form of quartz, produces the singular inflammatory and fibrotic lung disease we know as silicosis. The close association of pulmonary tuberculosis and silicosis as separate diseases was identified during the early years of the 20th century.1 The nature of silica ’s association with lung cancer, an association accepted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2007, continues to be refined.2 However, despite all our knowledge, epidemics of silica-related disease persist in both traditional and new in...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 11, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile Update: The Yorkshire Health Study
Research platformpublic healthlong-term conditionshealthlifestylehealthcare resource usage (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 11, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The use of negative control outcomes in Mendelian randomization to detect potential population stratification
AbstractA key assumption of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis is that there is no association between the genetic variants used as instruments and the outcome other than through the exposure of interest. One way in which this assumption can be violated is through population stratification, which can introduce confounding of the relationship between the genetic variants and the outcome and so induce an association between them. Negative control outcomes are increasingly used to detect unobserved confounding in observational epidemiological studies. Here we consider the use of negative control outcomes in MR studies to d...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - February 11, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research