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Pathway-specific population attributable fractions
ConclusionPS-PAFs measure disease burden attributable to differing mediating pathways and can generate insights into the dominant mechanisms by which a risk factor affects disease at a population level. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Commentary: Tobacco and COVID-19: avoiding the error of distraction
SPECTRUM ConsortiumShaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and HarmPrevention Research PartnershipMR/S037519/1 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 6, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The primary importance of the research question: implications for understanding natural versus controlled direct effects
Causal diagramscausal inferencecross-world assumptiondirect effectsmediation (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 4, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile Update: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health Musculoskeletal (ELSA-Brasil MSK) cohort
Brazilian Ministry of Health10.13039/501100006506Science and Technology DepartmentBrazilian Ministry of Science and TechnologyConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient ífico e Tecnológico Brasil (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Has violent death lost the interest of epidemiology?
Violent deaths, usually dealt with by forensic pathologists, have a key role in reconstructing the epidemiological profile of society. Forensic pathology and its decline should therefore not be of interest only to the forensic community. Through autopsies, forensic medicine plays an essential role for controlling death and disease due to violence, hence protecting public health in its broadest sense.1 Only through autopsy and associated laboratory analyses can we thoroughly detect cause of death and even the most deceitful or unintentional or voluntary crimes, from smotherings to poisonings. Regardless, autopsies requested...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and associations with cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer in Taiwan: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study
ConclusionsLong-term exposure to intermediate levels of ambient PM2.5 was associated with cardiopulmonary health outcomes. Our study adds value to future application and national burden of disease estimation in evaluating the health co-benefits from ambient air pollution reduction policy in Asian countries. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Immunosuppressants contribute to a reduced risk of Parkinson ’s disease in rheumatoid arthritis
ConclusionThis work clarified that patients with RA had a decreased risk of PD, which was partially attributed to the use of IS in RA patients but not GC or NSAIDs. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

E-values for effect heterogeneity and approximations for causal interaction
ConclusionReporting these proposed E-values could help characterize the robustness of effect heterogeneity estimates to potential uncontrolled confounding. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 23, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Longitudinal profiling of metabolic ageing trends in two population cohorts of young adults
ConclusionWe report absolute and proportional trends for 236 metabolic measures as new reference material for overall age-associated and specific weight-driven changes in real-world populations. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 20, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile: The Urmia Lake Cohort Study (ULCS)
Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education700.11814.03.2016 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 20, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Identifying factors contributing to increased susceptibility to COVID-19 risk: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies
ConclusionThis review summarizes modifiable factors for intervention (e.g. smoking, obesity and inflammatory factors) and proteomic signatures (e.g. OAS1 and IL-6) that could help identify drugs for treating COVID-19. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 20, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Data Resource Profile: The Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP)
National Institute of Health Carlos IIICatalan Department of HealthInnovative Medicines Initiative10.13039/501100010767European Medicines Agency10.13039/501100013120European Commission10.13039/501100000780World Cancer Research Fund International10.13039/1000137432017/1630Instituto de Salud Carlos III10.13039/501100004587CP21/00023 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 13, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Tooth count, untreated caries and mortality in US adults: a population-based cohort study
ConclusionsIn nationally representative cohorts, fewer permanent teeth and untreated caries were associated with all-cause and heart disease mortality. Fewer teeth were also associated with higher cancer mortality. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 7, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Investigating the transparency of reporting in two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization studies using the MR-Base platform
ConclusionsThe quality of reporting of two-sample Mendelian randomization studies in our sample was generally poor. Journals and researchers should consider using the STROBE-MR guidelines to improve reporting quality. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 6, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Commentary: Adverse perinatal outcomes in the SHINE cluster-randomized trial: another dark facade of the House of Hunger?
Maternal mortality and child survival are unsolved Millennium Development Goals business.1 Of the under-five mortality rates, neonatal mortality has shown the least improvement between 1990 and 2015 with a mere reduction of 42% compared with 50% for post-neonatal and childhood mortality.2 It is therefore striking that the new 3.2 Sustainable Development Goal has the ambition to end all child preventable deaths, lower neonatal mortality below 12 deaths per 1000 livebirths and reduce under-five mortality to below 25 per 1000 live births, by 2030. These short-term goals represent a failure to consider equity and set an imposs...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - April 5, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research