International Journal of Epidemiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Incremental value of risk factor variability for cardiovascular risk prediction in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results from UK primary care electronic health records
ConclusionIncorporating variability of predictors from EHRs provides a modest improvement in CVD risk discrimination for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Given that repeat measures are readily available in EHRs especially for regularly monitored patients with diabetes, this improvement could easily be achieved. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - July 1, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Data Resource Profile: The Global Health and Population Project on Access to Care for Cardiometabolic Diseases (HPACC)
United States Agency for International Development10.13039/100000200Harvard McLennan Family FundAlexander von Humboldt Foundation10.13039/100005156Universities of Heidelberg and G öttingen (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 28, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Commentary: Smoking, nicotine and COVID-19 outcomes: unprecedented challenges to epidemiologists
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 23, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cohort Profile: The Spanish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and Health (Edad Con Salud)
European Community ’s Seventh Framework Programme223071Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ACI-PromocionaACI2009–1010Institute of Health Carlos III-FISPS09/00295PS09/01845PI12/01490PI13/00059PI16/00218PI16/00173PI19/00150PI19/00103PI19/00088PI19/00235CIBER – Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica e n Red –Ciber of Mental Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science and InnovationEuropean Union European Regional Development FundSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation10.13039/501100004837 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 17, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Reflection on modern methods: constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with domain experts for health services research
This article draws lessons from a stakeholder workshop involving patients, health care professionals, researchers, commissioners and representatives from industry, whose objective was to draw DAGs for a complex intervention—online consultation, i.e. written exchange between the patient and health care professional using an online system—in the context of the English National Health Service. We provide some initial, practical guidance to those interested in engaging with domain experts to develop DAGs. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 17, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

A proposal for capturing interaction and effect modification using DAGs
(Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 13, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Sample size calculators for planning stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials: a review and comparison
SummaryRecent years have seen a surge of interest in stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs). SW-CRTs include several design variations and methodology is rapidly developing. Accordingly, a variety of power and sample size calculation software for SW-CRTs has been developed. However, each calculator may support only a selected set of design features and may not be appropriate for all scenarios. Currently, there is no resource to assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate calculator for planning their trials. In this paper, we review and classify 18 existing calculators that can be implemented in major p...
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 9, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Clustered Mendelian randomization analyses identify distinct and opposing pathways in the association between genetically influenced insulin-like growth factor-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
ConclusionsThe IGF-1-associated SNPs used as genetic instruments in MR analyses showed a heterogeneous distribution of MR effect estimates on the risk of type 2 diabetes. This was likely explained by differences in the underlying molecular pathways that increase IGF-1 concentration and differentially mediate the effects of IGF-1 on type 2 diabetes. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 3, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

A secondary data analysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial: improved cookstoves associated with reduction in incidence of low birthweight in rural Malawi
ConclusionsThis study provides some evidence that an improved cookstove intervention in rural Malawi reduced the number of babies born with low birthweight by 30%. This direction of the effect was also seen in the subset analysis. The analysis suggests that the intervention reduced the number of infants born prematurely or with intra-uterine growth restriction, indicating that improved cookstoves could be a useful maternal health intervention. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - June 2, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Data Resource Profile: United Kingdom National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008 –19)
Nutrition surveydietary assessmentanthropometrynutritional biomarkersenergy expenditurepopulation surveillance (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 28, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Large variation in the epidemiological transition across countries: is it still valuable as a mortality theory?
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation10.13039/100005156British Academy ’s Newton International FellowshipNIFBA19/190679European Research Council10.13039/100010663716323 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Time-varying association between fetal death and gestational exposure to ambient fine particles: a nationwide epidemiological study of 49 million fetuses in the contiguous US from 1989 to 2004
ConclusionsPrenatal exposure to PM2.5 can increase the risk of fetal death. The effects of PM2.5 exposure may be modified by complex factors, which leads to a time-varying association. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 19, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Evaluating the effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening: an analysis of parsimonious patient survival information with the time-varying Cox model
ConclusionThe proposed time-dependent switched design and analysis with two modalities of case survival information provides a very efficient means for estimating the unbiased estimates of relative and absolute effectiveness of population-based breast cancer service screening dispensing with a large amount of individual screening history data. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 13, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Pre-processing data to reduce biases: full matching incorporating an instrumental variable in population-based studies
ConclusionFull-IV Matching is a novel approach that is promising for increasing inference accuracy when unmeasured sources of bias likely exist. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 13, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Paradoxical findings on smoking in reduced risk of severe COVID-19
We read with interest the paper by Gaoet al. exploring the relationship between cigarettes, e-cigarette use and severe COVID-19 risk using the QResearch database in England, where they found an association of current smoking in reduced risk of severe COVID-19.1 Inverse association of smoking in severe COVID-19 risk has also been reported in previous observational studies using large data-linkage records such as the OpenSAFELY study,2 although other observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies showed a positive association with severe COVID-19 risk.3 –5 (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - May 12, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research